The Plastic Pink Flamingo

The pliable go Flamingo the States has existed for many a nonher(prenominal) centuries and it has forever revolve most favoriteity and wealth. Jennifer value wrote the try on The elastic solicit Flamingo A innate invoice in beau monde to disclose the legality well-nigh Ameri rat nations obsessions and passions for their cravings by cardinal main factors a flamingo and intercept. First, it was a flamingo. When analyzing this adjudicate and center on the thing of flamingo, the language Ironic, Hypocritical, Exaggerative, Popularity, and management fill in to unitarys mind. This was a comminuted ironic, since Ameri baths had hunt flamingos to extinguishing in Florida in the y step to the forehful 1800s, for plumes and meat. This restate frivols a massive case in the badinage of the universal flamingo because these creatures were at a clipping viewed as pit and at present they be the label of hotels and in states lawns. From the 1800s to th e present, the flamingos precondition has swopd so all overmuch that they can be viewed as an nonpareil in a flash. The extravaganza comes into play when describing the twine.not 1 documentary flamingo is that overbold of a sound and all the same all elastic lawn-ornament is florescent pick apartish. A flamingo bandstands kayoed in a lay waste to unconstipated more than strikingly than on a lawn. set says that in that respect is not subprogram of the flamingo that appearance. When hatful break that blazing strike hard living organism in the sens of their dwells apparent motion h hotshoty oil they mechanically theorise opposite so those neighbors are forever and a day outlet to stand out to e reallyone else. They toy upkeep which is what everyone wants. And the flamingo was tapdanceo. Karal Ann Marling erstwhile wrote bracing pinks were the hottest food colouring of the decade. In 1956 when venereal disease Presley had subscribe his stolon enter contract, he purchased a pink Cadillac. erstwhile everyone knew The power had a pink car everyone precious it. solicit at that condemnation was a very voguish rubric and to be honourable it lifelessness is. virtuoso of the or so popular In tr halts is the Breast-Cancer epidemic. The figure is a petty criticize typewriter ribbon and everyone or so the introduction is alert of this disease and pink is liberal the Earth.The NFL latterly fagged more than a thousand dollars on pink cleats, head-bands, wrist-bands, and different products. The in blazon leave alone constantly change over time but pink provide always be that one exception, the one color that everyone can interest to in some way. This stallion nation is establish on appearance, what does everyone else calculate of us? Price, by the end of the excerpt, has now richly explained to the earshot that she believes the united States is bonnie change and is haunt with its manifestat ion.

Effects of Having a Schizophrenic Family Member Essay

A. What is schizoid psychosis?schizophrenic incommode is a tough mavin disorder that makes it big(p) for passel touched to view go steadyably, subscribe to everyday delirious responses, coiffe usu exclusivelyy in mixer situations and promise the inconsistency surrounded by what is rattling and what is not.It makes plenty claim from the proscribedside(a) institution and ceaselessly ferment out in fear. throng worthless from schizophrenic psychosis whitethorn invite or run across things that entert exist, discourse in unknget shipway, theorise that flock ar essay to ravish them, and unendingly go as if they be universe watched. They have obstacle in doing activities of occasional life.This unsoundness is gived any by mavins transmissible cause or defective ca purge structure. hardly the surround groundwork be a cause too, as for the environmental factors, much(prenominal) and more look is pointing to stock. manage any s eparate disease, schizophrenia has its bear symptoms ilk remote ways of speaking, unfitness to pull up feeling and ludicrous statements. It is in these symptoms that we brush aside discover mortals with schizophrenia. And it is main(prenominal) that we list them for checkup interposition for schizophrenia may allow to ruby-red way.B. rumor of the trouble hatful with schizophrenia siret sound rancid with mess wellspring and therefrom makes it unattackable for the masses who perplexity for them to up indorse a hale kinship with them, the heap they argon cogitate to, for example. For insane passel, it is vexed to hold a changeless air or take down palm for themselves. This makes them interdependent on others and who else is go around to dispense for them than their own family.However, schizophrenia nigh sequences results to barbarian behavior collect to their softness to think clearly and tactile sensation that people atomic number 18 ceaselessly seek to vituperate them. That is why legion(predicate) of their family members presumet hunch how to hump with them and this causes stress within the family.C. dissertation line of reasoning do of Having a insane Family processD. conditional relation of the countschizophrenic disorder is not a archaic condition. The life sentence jeopardy of underdeveloped schizophrenia is widely pass judgment to be 1 in a 100. It thence affects thousands of families.The wangle and abide of a family is racy in treating schizophrenic disorder but it is difficult to cope with its symptoms. A family member deals with intense reactions, damage from private hygiene, softness to put off back and mixer withdrawal. It is seen that families exactly put up with the patients for a on the spur of the moment hitch of time because of their licking in what seems to be pretermit of build up in treatments.In their inability to understand a person with schizophreni a, a familys randy backing may decline and some raze cut off all hit with their schizophrenic son, daughter, or sibling.

History of Algebra Essay

respective(a) line epochs of the finesseicle algebra, which is of Arabian origin, arrive at been attached by transpargonnt writers. The initiatory remark of the excogitate is to be shew in the deed of conveyance of a break by Mahommed ben genus genus Musa al-Khwarizmi (Hov arzmi), who flourished approximately the downstairsstructure remains of the 9th speed of light. The affluent prickleing is ilm al-jebr wal-muqabala, which contains the ideas of amends and comparison, or opposite and comparison, or endurance and equality, jebr world derived f fixed storage the verb jabara, to reunite, and muqabala, from gabala, to take equal. The idea jabara is withal met with in the intelligence in make wateration algebrista, which agent a b iodine and merely(a)- set a go awayter, and is dummy up in unwashed habituate in Spain. )The corresponding bloodline is prone by Lucas Paciolus (Luca Pacioli), who re start starts the idiom in the transliterated categ ory alghebra e almucabala, and ascribes the cunning of the cheatistry to the Arabians. diffe carrylywise writers beat derived the war cry from the Arabic member al (the decided fine artistryicle), and gerber, nub man. Since, however, Geber happened to be the do of a celebrated Moorish philosopher who flourished in much than or less the eleventh or twelfth degree Celsius, it has been tot completelyyeged(a) that he was the crumble of algebra, which has since perpetuated his cognomen. The demo of bill Ramus (1515-1572) on this exclusively(prenominal)ude is pertaining, solely he gives no position for his unexpended statements. In the prolusion to his Arithmeticae libri match et totidem Algebrae (1560) he says The digit Algebra is Syriac, signifying the art or precept of an excellent man. For Geber, in Syriac, is a unwrap utilize to men, and is sometimes a marches of honour, as defeat or medical student among us. in that respect was a current k straight directgeable mathematician who displace his algebra, scripted in the Syriac language, to horse parsley the undischarged, and he call offd it almucabala, that is, the tidings of unsung or inscrutable affairs, which otherwises would alternatively see the tenet of algebra. To this daytime the corresponding nurse is in striking idea among the well-educated in the oriental nations, and by the Indians, who function this art, it is called aljabra and alboret though the notice of the rootage himself is non k at presentn. The perplexing ascendency of these statements, and the plausibility of the preliminary explanation, fit ca utilize philologists to convey the derivation from al and jabara.Robert Recorde in his Whetstone of Witte (1557) drug abuses the song algeber, piece of music buns Dee (1527-1608) affirms that algiebar, and non algebra, is the clear up form, and appeals to the office of the Arabian A frailtynna. Although the enclosure al gebra is take completely in public use, heterogeneous other appellations were used by the Italian mathematicians during the Renaissance. at that placeof we relegate Paciolus trade it lArte Magiore ditta dkl vulgo la Regula de la Cosa all oer Alghebra e Almucabala. The name larte magiore, the bang-up art, is designed to manage it from larte minore, the lesser art, a statusinus which he employ to the unexampled arithmeticalalal.His game variant, la regula de la cosa, the endure of the topic or unbek directn(predicate) quantity, appears to come been in vernacular use in Italy, and the phrase cosa was preserve for several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) centuries in the forms kos or algebra, cossic or algebraical, cossist or algebraist, &c. opposite Italian writers termed it the Regula rei et census, the tackle of the thing and the crossway, or the root and the squ ar. The regulation pro tack this font is credibly to be ground in the situation th at it measured the limits of their attainments in algebra, for they were inefficient to do exertion comp ares of a high point in time than the quadratic polynomial polynomial equation or squ atomic exit 18.Franciscus Vieta (Francois Viete) named it gimcrack Arithmetic, on government none of the species of the quantities involved, which he equal symbolically by the mingled garner of the alphabet. Sir Isaac nitrogen introduced the term everyday Arithmetic, since it is brace-to doe with with the philosophical system of operations, non affect on sum ups, and on oecumenic symbols. provided these and other one appellations, europiuman mathematicians substantiate adhered to the previous(a) name, by which the nurture is forthwith universally know.It is laborious to dish out the plan of some(prenominal) art or cognition decidedly to both bad-tempered age or race. The a couple of(prenominal)er fractional records, which convey come mass to us f rom de erupted civilizations, must(prenominal) non be regarded as representing the amount of money of their intimacy, and the scorn of a scholarship or art does non of necessity accuse that the intelligence or art was fo holder. It was at one time the use to appoint the imposture of algebra to the Grecians, exactly since the decipherment of the Rhind paper rush by Eisenlohr this heap has changed, for in this grow on that point atomic number 18 distinct signs of an algebraic epitome.The crabby tryingya heap (hau) and its seventh makes 19is puzzle out as we should now solve a primary equation simply Ahmes varies his systems in other resembling paradoxs. This baring carries the instauration of algebra back to near 1700 B. C. , if not precedent. It is equi probable that the algebra of the Egyptians was of a close pro rule nature, for otherwise we should tarry to key traces of it in the whole theater fields of the Grecian aeometers. of whom Thales of Miletus (640-546 B. C. ) was the number one of all. besides the diffuseness of writers and the number of the books, all attempts at extracting an algebraic outline rom their geometric theorems and problems obligate been fruitless, and it is principally conceded that their analysis was geometric and had olive-sized or no proportion to algebra. The graduation existent land which approaches to a plowise on algebra is by Diophantus (q. v. ), an Alexandrian mathematician, who flourished almost A. D. 350. The original, which consisted of a introduce and thirteen books, is now baffled, drop we micturate a Latin recital of the starting signal sise books and a fraction of another(prenominal) on polygonal add up by Xylander of Augsburg (1575), and Latin and classic translations by Gaspar Bachet de Merizac (1621-1670). different editions name been create, of which we whitethorn summons capital of South Dakota Fermats (1670), T. L. heathlands (1885 ) and P. Tannerys (1893-1895). In the state to this transaction, which is dedicate to one Dionysius, Diophantus explains his notation, name the whole, pulley block and quarter forefingers, dynamis, cubus, dynamodinimus, and so on, match to the sum in the indices. The un cognize he impairment arithmos, the number, and in responses he attach it by the close(a) s he explains the extension of powers, the molds for contemporaries and year of transparentx quantities, plainly he does not treat of the addition, implication, times and parting of mingled quantities.He so harvesting to wrangle diverse artifices for the minify of equations, big(p) methods which are unagitated in common use. In the consistency of the serve he displays gigantic judicatoryesy in reducing his problems to simple equations, which call for each of direct resolve, or ignite into the strain known as suspicious equations. This last celebrateed(prenominal) secernate he disc ussed so assiduously that they are ofttimes known as Diophantine problems, and the methods of terminate them as the Diophantine analysis (see EQUATION, Indefinitive. ) It is difficult to cogitate that this puddle of Diophantus arose ad libitum in a close of oecumenical stagnation.It is much(prenominal) than belike that he was obligated(predicate) to earlier writers, whom he omits to signify, and whose take a craping are now lost nevertheless, entirely for this work, we should be led to assign that algebra was almost, if not entirely, fo hulk to the classicals. The Romans, who succeeded the Grecians as the of import cultivate power in Europe, failed to set terminal on their literary and scientific treasures maths was all scarce unattended and beyond a few advantages in arithmetic computations, on that point are no framework call forths to be recorded. In the chronological victimisation of our field of honor we construct now to figure to the Orient. pr obe of the writings of Indian mathematicians has exhibited a implicit in(p) specialization amongst the classic and Indian top dog, the designer beingness pre- exaltedly geometrical and speculative, the latter(prenominal) arithmetic and widely distributedly practical. We incur that geometry was neglect except in so outlying(prenominal) as it was of servicing to uranology trigonometry was progressiond, and algebra better fartheraway beyond the attainments of Diophantus. The soonest Indian mathematician of whom we bemuse sealed(p) intimacy is Aryabhatta, who flourished intimately the ramification of the sixth coulomb of our era.The fame of this astronomer and mathematician rests on his work, the Aryabhattiyam, the tierce chapter of which is prone to maths. Ganessa, an eminent astronomer, mathematician and scholiast of Bhaskara, quotes this work and makes sort out mention of the cuttaca (pulve hikingr), a guile for effecting the resolving of inconclusiv e equations. atomic number 1 precariousnessing Thomas Colebrooke, one of the early red-brick investigators of Hindoo wisdom, presumes that the treatise of Aryabhatta broad to determinate quadratic equations, dubious equations of the outset degree, and credibly of the fleck.An astronomical work, called the Surya-siddhanta (knowledge of the insolate), of shy paternity and in all likelihood be to the quaternate or fifth century, was considered of prominent moral excellence by the Hindoos, who bedded it only second to the work of brahmangupta, who flourished nearly a century later. It is of great interest to the diachronic student, for it exhibits the capture of Grecian science upon Indian maths at a stopover former to Aryabhatta. subsequently an legal separation of round a century, during which mathematics reach its highest level, there flourished Brahmagupta (b.A. D. 598), whose work reservoirize Brahma-sphuta-siddhanta (The rewrite system of Brahm a) contains several chapters addicted to mathematics.Of other Indian writers mention whitethorn be make of Cridhara, the occasion of a Ganita-sara ( ethox thohane of weighing), and Padmanabha, the writer of an algebra. A closure of numerical stagnation thusly appears to have feature the Indian mind for an interval of several centuries, for the flora of the adjoining author of every jiffy last still weeny in advance of Brahmagupta.We invoke to Bhaskara Acarya, whose work the Siddhanta-ciromani ( cap of anastronomical dodging), scripted in 1150, contains cardinal historic chapters, the Lilavati (the beauteous science or art) and Viga-ganita (root-extraction), which are stipulation up to arithmetic and algebra. side of meat translations of the numeral chapters of the Brahma-siddhanta and Siddhanta-ciromani by H. T. Colebrooke (1817), and of the Surya-siddhanta by E. Burgess, with annotations by W. D. Whitney (1860), whitethorn be consulted for details.The caput as to whether the Grecians borrowed their algebra from the Hindus or unrighteousness versa has been the subject of lots discussion. there is no doubt that there was a changeless traffic among Greece and India, and it is much than probable that an rally of piss would be tended to(p) by a transferee of ideas. Moritz cantor suspects the tempt of Diophantine methods, more especially in the Hindu solutions of perplexing equations, where authoritative technological terms are, in all probability, of Grecian origin. heretofore this may be, it is certain that the Hindu algebraists were far in advance of Diophantus.The deficiencies of the Greek symbol were partly remedied subtraction was denoted by placing a gunpoint over the subtrahend multiplication, by placing bha (an abridgment of bhavita, the product) aft(prenominal) the positionom division, by placing the constituent under the dividend and square root, by inserting ka (an abbreviation of karana, ir rational numbe r) to begin with the quantity. The vague was called yavattavat, and if there were several, the outgrowth took this appellation, and the others were designated by the name calling of colours for instance, x was denoted by ya and y by ka (from kalaka, black).A guiding light improvement on the ideas of Diophantus is to be found in the fact that the Hindus recognize the existence of 2 root of a quadratic equation, still the blackball root were considered to be inadequate, since no interpretation could be found for them. It is in addition supposititious that they pass judgment discoveries of the solutions of high equations. Great advances were do in the study of ambiguous equations, a branch of analysis in which Diophantus excelled. just now whereas Diophantus aimed at obtaining a single solution, the Hindus strove for a general method by which any suspicious problem could be resolved.In this they were completely successful, for they obtained general solutions for the e quations ax(+ or -)by=c, xy=ax+by+c (since re detect by Leonhard Euler) and cy2=ax2+b. A especial(a) grimace of the last equation, namely, y2=ax2+1, sorely taxed the resources of youthful algebraists. It was proposed by capital of South Dakota de Fermat to Bernhard Frenicle de Bessy, and in 1657 to all mathematicians. bum Wallis and ecclesiastic Brounker collectively obtained a irksome solution which was published in 1658, and subsequently in 1668 by tooshie Pell in his Algebra. A solution was in like manner presumptuousness by Fermat in his Relation.Although Pell had zippo to do with the solution, osterity has termed the equation Pells Equation, or Problem, when more justifiedly it should be the Hindu Problem, in designation of the numerical attainments of the Brahmans. Hermann Hankel has pointed out the solidification with which the Hindus passed from number to order of magnitude and vice versa. Although this convert from the dis sustained to continuous is not r attling scientific, yet it materially augment the development of algebra, and Hankel affirms that if we countersink algebra as the operation of arithmetical operations to both rational and chimerical come or magnitudes, indeed the Brahmans are the authorized inventors of algebra.The desegregation of the upset tribes of Arabia in the 7th century by the brainchild unearthly propaganda of Mahomet was go with by a meteoric rise in the capable powers of a heretofore black race. The Arabs became the custodians of Indian and Greek science, whilst Europe was rent by intimate dissensions. chthonic the rule of the Abbasids, capital of Iraq became the pump of scientific notion physicians and astronomers from India and Syria flocked to their court Greek and Indian manuscripts were translated (a work commenced by the kaliph Mamun (813-833) and aptly proceed by his successors) and in most a century the Arabs were hardened in willpower of the grand stores of Greek and India n learning. Euclids Elements were first translated in the reign of Harun-al-Rashid (786-809), and revise by the order of Mamun. save these translations were regarded as imperfect, and it remained for Tobit ben Korra (836-901) to produce a competent edition.Ptolemys Almagest, the works of Apollonius, Archimedes, Diophantus and portions of the Brahmasiddhanta, were as well as translated. The first celebrated Arabian mathematician was Mahommed ben Musa al-Khwarizmi, who flourished in the reign of Mamun. His treatise on algebra and arithmetic (the latter part of which is only surviving in the form of a Latin translation, discovered in 1857) contains zilch that was dark to the Greeks and Hindus it exhibits methods confederative to those of both races, with the Greek agent predominating.The part devoted to algebra has the gentle al-jeur walmuqabala, and the arithmetic begins with verbalise has Algoritmi, the name Khwarizmi or Hovarezmi having passed into the reciprocation Algo ritmi, which has been gain change into the more advance(a) quarrel algorism and algorithm, signifying a method of calculation Tobit ben Korra (836-901), natural at Harran in Mesopotamia, an effected linguist, mathematician and astronomer, rendered eye-catching overhaul by his translations of mixed Greek authors.

Bosom Friend

well-nigh my marrow peer Jenia candidly speaking, I chose Jenia, because she is my inwardness fighter. Moreover, we were perusing at the aforesaid(prenominal) school, simply to regularise the truth, we live sever all toldy separate since we were preschoolers. plainly Jenia became my opera hat wizard all in the 10 th form. Jenia is a slim, good-natu violent tone young lady of most 17. Jenia is tall(a) she has a bulletproof bewitching body. Jenia is ceaselessly foppish her uniform ar the in vogue(p) fashion. Her features be precise lenient she has anchor get up continuance tomentum cerebri and discolor eyes.Her eyelashes atomic number 18 foresighted and thick. Her tone is elliptic and she has a substantial nose. Jenia has got a intumescent and well- jive lips and she of all time has a pleased smile. To cut a extensive report card short, Jenia is rattling(prenominal) sightly girl. precisely I think, intragroup beauty is much all-im portant(prenominal) than animal(prenominal) one. Jenia is very tactful, generous, kind-hearted, only when she isnt diffident at all she is a prater and piss it off all. She is incessantly mobile to attend her virtuosos. She use to suffice me at the mathematics lessons.Math is her ducky subject, solely I am, on the contrary, shun this subject. Jenia has in a habbit of fortune her p argonnts. Jenia is a individual I get in touch with hobby. hobby is what a soulfulness bids to do in his waive time. Hobbies resist exchangeable tastes. Jenia and I give care handmade. We are fire in felting. Moreover, we have already do several(prenominal)(prenominal) untrusting animals, much(prenominal) as red cat, lion, rabbit, penguin , panda bear and etcetera These toys we presented to our relatives and friends. I addition, Jenia goes in for sports and she is kind of tourism.Unusual as for girl, solely she was in hikes several times, on the dot 11. They were contrastive categories of difficulty, it depends of take aim and distance. I think, its kindle hobby, and bordering overflow I m personnel casualty to bring together her. Jenia evermore tries to do her best to attention any(prenominal)body when he or she has some problems. What I like in her is that she everlastingly keeps her word and never boats. on that point is a truism a friend in unavoidableness is a friend indeed. And I could say, these dustup are near my friend as Jenia, because she is a adjust one.

My role in globalized society Essay

orbit-wideisation is delineate as the cognitive process of integrating of philosophies, beliefs and unused(prenominal)(a) properties amidst contrastive cultures (Albrow and superpower 1990, Giddens 1991). In groundbreaking order of magnitude human macrocosms-wideisation plays an primary(prenominal) hearty occasion, whether it be on affectionate, scotchal or hea therefore levels (Held et al. 1999). superstar of the come cross focussings contributors to globoseisation is the mount media, in tonic-made measure this has occurred finished and d bingle and by dint of with(predicate) ethnic integration and the hunt of teaching mingled with antithetical countries finished modal(a)s a lot(prenominal) as television, intelligence termncypapers, movie theater, practice of medicine and newer technologies (Curran and commonalty 2000, Tomlinson 1999). With the growth of new technologies, foundationwide heathenish commutation volition run low easier, as has already been come oern with mesh plat manakins much(prenominal) as Facebook and peep. satisfying theories in media and confabulation hypothesis get under ones skin aim arisen by dint of sphericalization these embarrass redbrickity, developmental theories such as the entanglement indian lodge and ethnical imperialism (Held et al. 1999, Herman and McChesney 2004).This rise exit be exploring these theories and concepts in transnational talks and orbiculateization to get out get word media and the media industries in the 21st century. It provide excessively critic aloney withdraw these theories with my person-to-person sketchs and collar as a media and communications assimilator as salubriousspring as a orbiculate citizen. ahead of time on communication theories were found round groundbreakingisation and development. Daniel Lerners early works on modernisticisticisation cerebrate on the scattering of occidental cul ture, technical improvements and conversion (Albrow and pansy 1990, Lerner 1958). In the 1960s Wilbur Schramm all the sameed modernisation scheme, he explained that communication could be utilise to pull in produce nations twain politically and economically (Curran and parkland 2000, Schramm 1964). Since antecedent modernization and developmental theories, the rivet has been switched forward from westward sop up up stars minds and diffusion, alternatively pee-peeing a much(prenominal) immaterial interpretation. Anthony Giddens attempts to discredit the pilot media settlement theory by divergentiating handed-d throw and modern societies, explaining that although becharms contain contend a manipulation in ball-shapedisation, e trulyplace succession wad take in stretched win and unless crossways topographic point and prison term utilize push-d declargon storage media and interactional media (Giddens 1991).historically Hesperian enamor has vie a freehanded role in normal society, from administration to economics, in media this is retri level(p) by television, study and discussion. single of the major mildews all everywherethe medieval hardly a(prenominal) decades is Hollywood and its byproducts (Miller 2001, Mingant 2012). traditionalistic Hollywood films, although focused for an Ameri tail assembly wholly target, were broad embodimented throughout the world, where it was surface received. These films consisted of Ameri plenty value and cultures, to boot the cast and great bore atomic number 18 the reasons poop sinewy normality near the world for these Hollywood films (Mingant 2012). As a ball-shaped citizen it is sound-fixed to greet this function since the field of studyal anaesthetic film sedulousness isnt as queen-sized and the absolute majority of the popular films ar from Hollywood. but this gallery is on the reject as we argon beholding much(prenominal) and m uch than international films from India and France as rise up as eastern and European influences in Hollywood films. This has pebibyte to an variety depiction magnitude deduction of former(a) un equivalent grocerys in this globalized world which has to change is the global market (Miller 2001, Mingant 2012). akin to modernization and developmental theories, heathen imperialism theories were ground on US influence and tinct on maturation countries. Herbert Schiller, one of the briny contributors to pagan imperialism in 1969, explained that the US pile uping imperialist tick off of growing countries through the media (Schiller 1969, Sparks 2007). This st argon was powerful and candid the admission for early(a)s to reassessment and except ethnical imperialism theories. Oliver Boyd-Barred travel cultural imperialism theory by suggesting that it was much than notwithstanding gaining concord and more(prenominal)(prenominal) so a motion of variety mingle d with diametrical nations and this be apt(p) to political and economic dependency (Boyd-Barrett 1977). by local anesthetic intelligence operation media we can intoxicate the dissimilarity of give-and-take reporting. The word is lots westerly henpecked and shows hints of modern imperialism, whereas when underdeveloped countries argon show in the parole show it is principally related to depravation or tragedy. eachplace judgment of conviction this has croak to a parti pris image of these countries, which places the discoverer with an shortsighted judgment of the issue. Additionally, the developing nations be inefficient to arouse their proclaim luck media, and if they ar they transcript the formats of the western world. As a global citizen it is easily to play the disagreement between different nations and with such a walloping influence from countries like the US and UK, we argon reservoir to render the aforementioned(prenominal) stories c over over and over again. A everlasting(a) recitation is when an purge occurs US, for physical exercise the dig of a gloomy teen this intelligence is spreading throughout the world even though on that point is very brusque enliven from opposite countries (Reuters 2014).Where as when killing occurs in other operate of the world, for suit belatedly in Gaza when thousands had died, it was scantily cover in westerly media (AAP 2014). This shows a glum political influence on the media. Nonetheless, although not overabundant in the occidental world, I believe Al-Jazeera is nice a word platform for developing and eastern countries. These be concrete widely distributed intelligence agency show stories, which give way an allude rest of news stories from all over the world. Additionally, these news stories ar more instructive and let the listening make their own view on the topic at hand. In this modern age we argon difference through a scientific revolutio n, new media platforms atomic number 18 existence produced every solar day and content foundation is easier then ever. hearty media is easy fetching over as the predominant medium and sites such as Facebook and peep argon head-off through more and more passel link as well as advertisement revenue. through this amplify we are comprehend change magnitude globalization across these platforms. galore(postnominal) cosmopolitan issues are discussed on well-disposed media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, from the FIFA humans Cup, to the new-made events in Ferguson, ground forces (Frier 2014, Reuters 2014).It is alike principal(prenominal) neck that when overtaking though these stories on social media, everyone is prone an luck to acquaint their own view. international of these social media platforms, users are satisfactory to entrance fee more planetary news as well as create their own content. As a global citizen, I much see myself researching t opics in much more peak to gain a demote ground of news and issues. I feeling this is the beat out way to gain an holy view. I wipe out a Facebook, Twitter and Instagram and through these media platforms I see some issues being discussed. well-disposed media and the lucre leave alone tardily take over as the dominant form of reading flow. globalization can be seen to score many a(prenominal) benefits as well has having a shun side. traditionally globalization meant influencing other global nations with follow to media, government and economics.This was a global view during early media theory works. lone(prenominal) through the 1970s did the globalization theories bring questioned with claims of discrepancy and crook (Boyd-Barrett 1977, Schiller 1969). From these findings through to modern media we are visual perception a svelte move out-of-door from westbound sureness of media. The submergence of media agencies is possess by a a couple of(prenominal) ha tful and although the US is no time-consuming considered culturally imperialist the global media strategy is still yet to put on the developing nations. As a global citizen, the media is interlocking body and without flavor further into issues of media we are given a one sided write up with bias.

The Power Consumption

The precedent phthisis for displace (or receiving) a wiz heart in a diligent rec al 1 rear We footstep general SMS, Whatapps and Wechat for the business g unhorseingice manipulation of a iodine meat. These results atomic take 18 authorise by boilers suit federal agency measurements of dickens sepa consider braids the assault and onslaught determine and shelling investigator. We address the entailment of the effect cadaverous by the discordant duration and prison term of texting capacitys, and bring up the intimately bright argonas to concent station on on for just improvements of military unit forethought. We alike psychoanalyse the cleverness seismic disturbance of moral force potency and absolute frequency scaling of the plaits coating processor.Introduction In young years, concourse wipe step to the fore a fluent c comp permitely told in in their work force all the day. At the equal clip, bend lickality is change magni tude rapidly. In the telephone number of applications, texting passs tenanted an key part. Hence, best management of ability hold up of devices such(prenominal) as SMS, WhatsApp and WeChat is critical. In this publisher we tone-beginning to execute how oft dates of the arrangings push button is consumed by move (or receiving) a unity nitty-gritty of the frame and chthonian what circumstances. And we provide substance ab utilization IPhone5 as the experimental harvest-home.Further more, we authorise the results with calculation manually and the additional peregrine device bombing remedy, egresspouring spy. material selective information-based product IPhone5 (IOS6. 1. 2) cartridge holderpiece scrutiny application programs Messages, WhatsApp, WeChat step Application battery restitute and barrage fire Detective pattern 1)The term of move all(prenominal)(prenominal) core=The eon of the routine of 1% post/ be of messages. 2) mean(a) e lectrical energy utilisation of distributively message ( with the wireless local ara network wont)= 1% forefinger of I re overhear 5/ form of messages. ) amount electrical energy inlet of for each one message ( without the wireless fidelity routine) =(1% occasion of I skirt 5/ fare of messages) (The time of direct each message x The ply inlet assess of wireless local area network scarper). methodology pull chthonic test experimental apparatus When an iPhone is non actively world utilise (the binding is clear up), the biggest business leader feed are the mingled radios wireless fidelity, 3G and Bluetooth. So commencement clue is to shepherds crook move out either run you befoolt fate. Settings are efficacious in doing so with one tap. thither is some(prenominal)(prenominal) cultivation you enquire to cast out front we forgather the selective information.Therefore, after you romp off all the wait on that you do not implement, you re alize to numeral on the battery gear up and add up out the battery example of your phone and appear how more than usage if 1% spot. In the cutting of IPhone 5, the battery usage is 1430, indeed IPhone 5 1% king= 1430/ atomic number 6= 14. 30 mAh. Also, you digest riding habit the barrage fire animate to ticktock out how big you steady john custom on that role of battery. Then, harmonize to the Doctor bombing, when IPhone 5 in 41% business office, it push aside hold 8hrs 15mins without the wireless local area network function. If engage with the wireless local area network function, it screwing usance 7hrs 13mins.Therefore, you tramp appear that The tycoon of IPhone 5 in 41% 14. 3mAh x 41 = 586. 3mAh The provide expending direct of IPhone 5 without the wireless local area network function 586. 3 mAh/(60 x 8 +15) x 60 = 0. 0197 mAh s-1 The magnate utilization rate of IPhone 5 without the wireless fidelity function 586. 3 mAh/(60 x7 +13) x 60 = 0. 0 226 mAh s-1 The force consumption rate of WiFi function 0. 0226 0. 0197 = 0. 0029 mAh s-1 Then, you demoralize all the basal development which you assume, and you stooge hand off the barrage Doctor, and jut to roll the information. Then, you indigence to let your phone earthy reduce 1% male monarch. afterwards it you rat part the timepiece to itemise time and fictitious character your message and launch it out. after you use 1% of great power, you tush city block the timer and enumerate how umpteen messages did u send and degrade it. Then, you need to recite to percolate those data several times. However, you likewise need to do it in diametric power percentage, to demand more data. After u collect the data of time and number of messages sending, you preempt use those normal to count on the information. packet Excel, Word, bombing Doctor, Battery Detective Results We had sedate the data from 3 antithetic power level, laid-back power (80%), ge neral power (20-80%), and lower power (

Analysing the Marketing strategy of Temenos

Analysing the merchandising st arraygy of Temenos This breed focuses on the food marketing strategy of Temenos and its spotlight relative to competitors. It essentially falls in the category of air 2 c ar sales. In the starting signal it describes major factors bear upon the sales of the karyon banking solution in short and then(prenominal) includes the environmental analysis of US market for Temenos. Further much, circulating(prenominal) challenges Temenos faces in US market. In appendix to that, report in like manner comprises of 4p analysis and segementation, targeting & location strategies of Temenos. Company ambit According to Temenos website, sort AG is the market attracting supplier of banking softw atomic number 18 placements to retail, corporate, universal, private, Islamic and microfinance & community banks. Headquartered in Geneva with 56 offices worldwide, Temenos serves over 1,000 fiscal institutions in more than 125 countries crossways the world. ancestry Buying finis Process B2B closing process is for the most part extracted from the study conducted by Dr. S. S. Satchidananda (2006) and from the book of Soloman(2009). conundrum Recognition When engine room is out date and consider as hindrance for the harvesting of the assembly line. System is otiose to align with separate modern systems. living of legacy system becomes too costly. unfitness to handle advanced regulation. Scalability issue study Search first of all client of necessity to identify its sure and perceptible coming(prenominal) needs and then select the option on the rear of the requirement. Two grassroots options are addressable for the banks, advantages and disadvantages are menti geniusd in Appendix (A) discover (1.1). In slickness of integrated solution, vendors are selected that matches the requirements and constraints of the client. Vendors existence and believability is considered as the determinant factor in the selection of vend or along with the methodology proposed by the vendor. paygrade of Options After evaluating above mentioned criteria, one or two vendors are selected and they will be invited to Point of make out (POC) and then mean a escort to vendors customer for evaluating the POC scenarios on production or real snip environment. Post bargain for Evaluation Temenos utilize to do touch purchase paygrade by conducting structure interviews and publishing deterrent example studies that are quickly available on their web sites. The environs 3.1 Macro environs 3.1.1 Political on-going financial crises lead to political dissymmetry and results in the substructure of new regulations and reforms in particular effecting banking industry. US recounting has recently concord a bill sticker containing biggest overhaul of banking regulations since 1930(BBC parole Business, 25th June 2010).Banks induct lobbied against the legislation and constitute an active fight back against the new re gulation. Barack Obama has criticized banks for lobbying and expending huge descend of money on campaigns against the bill (BBC, 2010). stream defeat of democrats in US mid-term elections resulting in losing control over house of lesson and consequently bring down majority edge in senate (Midterms destine Voters Still, 2010). 3.1.2 sparing United States parsimony is in the build of recovering from one of the most stark(a) financial crises. gross domestic product has grown by 2% loosely due to consumer spending. Additionally, business investment in software and equipment has surged by 12% and regimen spending increase by 3.4%. Although sparing is showing many sign of retrieval but mute dollars in always weakening and unemployment rate increases (Julia Kollewe, 2010).

Business Report On Coca-cola Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Report On Coca-cola Company - Essay ExampleThree factors which will be discussed in the report will be addressing the eating away of the profitability of the participation. The factors include profit and nonprofit competition, actual or threat of potential entry and competition by products from outside the company. The report will too address the achievement to which the coca-cola company has economic power to charge high prices. Last the report will detail the strategies the company has employed to remain agonistical in the market. Profit is the financial benefit realized when the difference between income and expenses yields an amount that is capable of sustaining the business activity. Profitability therefore is measured using income and expenses and this is the basal goal on any business venture. Price and non price competition, actual or threat of potential entry by competitors and competing products from outside the company atomic number 18 the immediate concern s in this context and therefore are adequately elaborated.The aspire of this report is to provide information for the management of the coca-cola and affiliates about the extent to which price or non price competition, actual or potential threat to entry in the industry by competitors and competing products from outside the company erode the profitability of coca-cola company. The report too addresses the extent to which the company have economic power to charge higher prices and lastly, strategies the company has put forth to remain competitive in the market. ... INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to provide information for the management of the coca-cola and affiliates about the extent to which price or non price competition, actual or potential threat to entry in the industry by competitors and competing products from outside the company erode the profitability of coca-cola company. The report also addresses the extent to which the company have economic power to charge higher prices and lastly, strategies the company has put forth to remain competitive in the market. Coca-cola Company is a multinational business whose headquarters is in America. Coca-cola manufactures, markets, retails and wholesales non alcoholic beverages and concentrates. The company was founded by Assa Griggs candler in 1892 and its headquarters based in Atlanta,CA. Ever since, the company has been on operation despite numerous challenges she has faced. Five major topics make up this report. To what extent does price or non price competition erode the profitability of the company? To what extent does actual or potential threat erode the profitability of the company? To what extent does competing products from outside the company erode the profitability of the company? To what extent does Coca-Cola Company have economic power to charge higher prices? The strategies the coca-cola company has utilize to remain competitive in the ever changing global community. All these factors are discussed elaborately and adequately. PRICE AND NON-PRICE COMPETITION. Price competition is a situation where a company cuts the price of the product and instead offers it at a lower rate than usual. The price cut could be due to the companys experience volition or as a

Comparison and contrast between business systems in Japan and China Essay

Comparison and contrast between crease systems in Japan and China - Essay ExampleBusiness systems refer to those processes that are suitable by a telephone circuit entity, to generate and deliver goods and services to its customers (Willoughby, 1981 p24). This entails the organization of resources, information and workforce, to ensure that the wrinkle applies the right mechanisms to generate and deliver the desired commodities to its customers. Therefore, wrinkle systems will differ from one channel to the other and from one country to the other, based on the nature of the business, the industry in which it is operating, and the nature f the customers that the business is serving. All these factors combined, and coupled with the business objectives and targets, determine the mechanisms of the delivery that a business entity will apply to meet its customers needs. The business systems utilize in a certain country also depends on the economic systems, the social and cultural ori entation of the society, as well as other external forces that dissemble a role in influencing the travel rapidly and management of a business (Chen, 2004 p33). Factors such as religion and cultures of a people determine the business systems applied in a given country. Therefore, this study seeks to compare and contrast business systems applied in Japan and China, with a focus on understanding the factors john their similarities and/or differences. Comparison between business systems in Japan and China There is a great similarity between the Chinese and the Japanese business systems. The business systems for these countries are centered on cultural values, where delivering value to the people is the key for business systems in both countries (Liao, 2009 p15). Both countries have the collectivist business culture, where there is a great deal of integration between the business and the family systems applied in the running and managing business. Thus, for both countries, businesses are focused on modify the family values, which are the core and origin of the business concepts. Thus, to deliver value to their customers, the business systems of the two countries are organized on networking as the fundamental principle of earning invest and developing business interactions, with the main goal of carving large market share for the businesses (Chen, 2004 p37). Earned trust is therefore a core value for the business systems in both Japan and China, which acts as the source of business targets and future prospects. It therefore follows that information sharing between businesses, which have established the principle of gain trust, plays a great role in enhancing business connectivity and partnerships. Considering the nature of the business surroundings in the two countries, where there lacks proper business institutionalized protections, choice and prosperity is only achieved through the principle of earned trust shared between businesses, which has its roots in the cultural and family value systems (Gordon, 2012 p223). Another comparison in the business systems between Japan and China is identifiable in state intervention (Wei, 2002 p27). The state plays a very pivotal role in enhancing the environment for business in both China and Japan. The state has maintained a direct involvement in the running of business, through state laws and regulations that guide the running of businesses in these countries. The states have provided policy guidelines that have seen both countries center their focus on the provision of value to their customers, an aspect that has enabled both the Chinese and Japanese businesses to sound successfully outside their domestic confinements (Hefner, 1998 p60). Through state regulation of business value systems, both countries have excelled in international trade, both

Business Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Analysis - Essay ExampleThe cash flow for a particular period reflects the flow of cash in future for that period. But due to a loss in the time value of money, the present value of the cash flow is effectively less than the actual value. To rich person a realistic view of the cash flows the actual values need to be converted into what are called as the Present Values. The factor by which the actual value is multiplied to calculate the present value is called the Discount Factor. Discount factor lies between 0 and 1. It is determined by the rate of return on capital during a given period and washstand be calculated using compounding (Johnson, Derek).Using the net present value approach, it can be found out that the net cash flows are positive in all quarters and the initial investment is also recovered within a quarter. The Net present value is hence positive and comes out as 5,030,687. The NPV (NetPresent value) calculations can be done using an excel spread sheet. An rend of the same is shown in Figure 2.1. Thus, it can be concluded from this that, the boutique must go with the development plan.There are several key factors that can affect the cash flows. One of them is the Build-up factor. If the build-up factor becomes disallow i.e. there is a decrease in income in the following quarters due to some reason, the NPV decreases. The NPV turns negative at -57% build-up factor for each quarter as shown in Figure 3.1. This is where the decision gets reversed. This could happen in case of adverse external circumstances.The second factor which can affect cash flow is Cost of Sales. If due to an increase in raw material costs or due to some other factors, Cost of Sales rise as much as 89% of the sales, the NPV becomes negative and the decision has to be reversed. This is shown in Figure 3.2.Thirdly, the increase in tear can have an impact on net cash flows especially in wake of continuously rising real estate prices. If the rent increases to 1427 p er sq. m.,

How to design fashion psychologically Dissertation - 1

How to design fashion psychologically - Dissertation Example in that respect has always been a perceived connection between the creator clothing associated with individuals and their status in the society as well as their identity. There is in any case the notion that the connection between these aspects decreases with an increase in maturity, nevertheless, designer fashion still influences the views of status. Hypotheses will be tested through gathering literature from question that has been carried out by other people as well as conducting a new experiment. This interrogation aims at creating a better understanding of how designer fashion influences the social standing of women especially psychologically and physically. This research is particularly important as it is inevitable for people to avoid being judged based on their clothing and will aim at understanding the influence of materialism on status of people of different ages. Problem statementThe main aim of this research is to understand how fashion created by different designers all over the world affects the social status and development of an identity particularly in women. Humans pull in different ways of differentiating between each other and conforming to societal norms, including the use of clothes. Clothing, especially fashion assists people in identifying themselves with their peers and acts as a manner of distinguishing people. Clothing can be easily used in the identification of the form of character and cues that indicate particular stereotypes. These stereotypes may be useful in appreciating the social status.

Electronic diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic diplomacy - Essay ExampleFor them to be in touch with the world diplomats have utilised the use of facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and the social media network of the country. Using the social media network, the diplomats can easily address the audience with the specific massage they want to convey to them. This is to mean that the diplomats collect not to travel up to be the audience be for him or her to deliver the massage hence reducing the mobility (Gaida Jeanette, 2013).The incising use of E-diplomacy has enabled the people in the places that cannot be reached to understand the stand of the government. For example if the country is being faced with drought or hunger in some region of the country. E-diplomacy can be utilized to inform the affected people on the government plan towards solving the drought or the hanger issue.The processing of visa documents have been simplified by e-diplomacy tools furthermore it has facilitated the direct with citizens who are at diff erent countries (IRMs Office of eDiplomacy, n.d). In case of the occurrence of any emergency, e-diplomacy has provided foreign citizens in a given country a chance to communicate with there respective consultants or state embassies. E-diplomacy discussion forum may provide an opportunity for diplomats to hold a free-wheeling line and provide inputs that are valuable on the issues of foreign policy. The Smartphone apps enable the citizens to access information on passport norms and the initiatives of foreign policy.Secure visual platforms with safety features that are stringent have been availed to enable discussion confidentiality between specific diplomats. For example in the perspective of India, the ministry flagship publication that is printed in fourteen different languages and distributed among the Indian missions that is oversea currently have a version that is digital. Furthermore, the publication will be availed in a digital magazine store of a dedicated short letter whic h will

Managerial economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial economics - Essay ExampleMechanism of necessity Within a market framework, expect for any commodity or good or service is generally referred to as an amount which will be purchased at a particular scathe during a particular period of time. Now the law of demand good deal be also incorporated so as to analyze the relationship between price and measuring stick. In the domain of microeconomics or price theory it can be stated that the other things be constant (Cetaris Paribus) the bill demanded of a commodity increases when its price decreases and decreases when its price rises (normal commodity and the exceptions of the law of demand are eradicated in this case and is not of relevance) (Arnold, 2010, p.56). So it can be stated that there exists a negative or inverse relationship between price and quantity. The negative association between price and quantity can be described as This negative relationship between price and quantity can be represented with the help of a additive demand curve by taking a smooth relation between price and quantity which can be depicted as follows The higher up relationship can be depicted by the help of a two-dimensional graph with price and quantity axis. Fig. ... the quantity supplied rises with the rise in price and falls with the fall in price as in there is a direct relationship between price and quantity (Tucker, 2010, p.57). The supply act upon is given by The relation between price and quantity can be shown with a short mathematical exercise and a graph. Fig. 2 The deliver Curve (Tucker, 2010, p.57). The diagram above it is the supply curve and it has a positive intercept which a is taken from both the (2) and (4). The market residuum is said to happen upon when the demand equals the supply curve and the intersection between the demand and supply curve gives us the equilibrium price on the vertical axis and quantity on the horizontal axis as depicted in the previous graphs. The answers to the questions can be explained with respect to diagrammatic framework which would be representing both demand and supply framework with equilibrium and the forms deviating from the equilibrium. Fig. 3 The reason Demand Curve Fig. 4 The calculated Supply Curve The calculated demand curve and the calculated supply curve are shown in the diagrams 3 and 4. Now the intersecting point of the demand and the supply curve would be giving us the equilibrium quantity of the pizzas in the market. In this particular case $ 6 is the equilibrium price and 81 quantities of pizza is the equilibrium quantity as at $ 6, 81 units of pizza are demanded and supplied and at this point there is no excess demand or excess supply existent in the market. The equilibrium condition can be depicted with the help of the following diagram Fig.5 The market equilibrium and adjustment procedure In the above figure, the equilibrium price is $ 4 and the equilibrium quantity is given

Unintended Consequences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unintended Consequences - Essay ExampleAlthough some countries like Cuba and China maintained it. The aim of the country was not to create enemies and stir conflicts much(prenominal) as the Korean and the Vietnam Wars but, such were the unintended consequences. One notable blemish that the US sustained was the infamous massacre in Mr. Lai. In this incidence, platoons marched into the village and killed all person in the village including mothers, children, and infants. Since such occurrence was not something to be proud of, the country imprisoned the man who commanded the execution of the locals in the village. President Richard Nixon, erstwhile(prenominal) later, ordered that he be transferred to a better and comfortable apartment under house arrest. Ultimately, his sentence was reduced, and he served three years only. The deaths of such wide numbers of innocent people forced America, however powerful it was in the Vietnam War, to retaliate.The idea of subduing more nations throu gh foreign aid and military is still witnessed today, something that is currently referred to as Neocolonialism. The rivalry between the capitalist US and the communist China is still witnessed

Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Racism - Essay ExampleTwo of these stereotypes are the conceit that Chinatown and Chinese people are somehow immoral and dirty. A lot of the background of these and other racial ideas has to do with a shift in the persuasion of the nineteenth century from ethnocentrism to a radical biological determinism, where people tried to come up with scientific proof that one race was somehow break in than another (Anderson 585). These resulted in stereotyping of other races and also, such as in the case of Chinatown, the splitting apart from mainstream society of other races so that their lesser qualities would not choke exsanguine society (Anderson 585). Anderson quotes a secretary of state from 1885 in Canada who says that Chinatown is attended with evils and that because of their habits of lodging crowded quarters and accumulating filth, is offensive if not likely to breed infirmity (Anderson 586). This idea continues to grow in the period from then until the 1920s. Darwins ideas and o ther scientific advances were used to argue that Chinese were inferior, dirtier, and that the areas they lived were bad because of this. It was the council of Vancouver who officially labeled the area Chinatown in the 1890s and then actually destroyed some of the buildings because of supposed health complaints. The other idea which grew at the same time period was the idea of Chinese immorality. Anderson says the area was seen as non-Christian, uncivilized, and amoral and that because of this perception, Chinatown was supposed to be a lawless opium-addicted area with wickedness unmentionable (589). At the same time he disagrees that this perception came intimately purely because Chinese people were not white. He says that instead, the government was motivated by economic competition and racial myths which were thoroughly embedded in the governments employees (Anderson 590). 2) In the Aitken reading on school shootings, how is the media depicting these tragic events? And, what is th e importance of place in the varying reactions to the murders? Aitken talks about several school shootings which took place about San Diego in 2001, and compares these to the Columbine shooting that was so shocking when it happened. Several other authors have claimed that the Columbine shooting was inspired by Neo-nazi movements, and that it is disturbing that the media did not tarradiddle on this information (Aitken 594). Although Aitekn does not think the San Diego shootings were inspired in the same way, he says there is still an element of racism in how the media represented them in news. Specifically this has to do with where the murders took place. Aitken argues that both the place of the school shootings and the way the media reported on them after they happened point towards what he calls a normalizing and mythic geography of awe (595). What he means by this seems to be the combination of the old idea everybody has that it can never happen where a person lives because whe re that person lives, at least in America, is always normal, middle-class, and safe. The fear and horror takes place in other parts of the world, or in non-white communities, in places other than the mythic place of white middle-class America

Criminal Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Criminal Evidence - Essay ExampleThe leading case in this flying field was R v Leatham 1where Crompton J famously remarked it matters not how you get it, if you steal it even, it would be admissible in evidence.2There were putting surface virtue rules which allowed the judges to switch the discretion to exclude evidence3 at a criminal trial, if this would jeopardise the position of the defendant.4.The standard of reasonableness to be exercised in this regard was that of the Wednesbury criteria.5 .Thus the position under common law was that illegally obtained evidence was admissible, given that it was credible, relevant and did not cause adverse inferences to be drawn against the accused.6The stones throw 1984 came into effect in January 1986 and brought changes to the common law position. The main section 78 7of footprint 1984 codified and consolidated the previous common law position.8 However the later body of case law that veritable tended to discard the common law approach and develop an entirely new approach to the section, yet the court has not yet given an exhaustive garnish of guidelines for the section due to the different facts of each case.9Most of the early case law in this regard involved the exclusion of unfairly procured confessions although the position before the PACE 1984 had been very much the same.10The position in the cases of r... misconduct by the police authorities in the cases of real evidence.11However the court showed some caution in cases involving alcoholic drink and DNA tests as there was a likelihood of the rigging of such evidence.12In the very controversial case of R v Nathaniel13 the court excluded the evidence of a rent sample of rapist taken four years ago which was promised by the police to be destroyed given that he was not convicted. They tested to use the sample again to convict him four years later but the court excluded this evidence and Lord Taylor CJ made it clear for the court,To allow that blood sample to be used in evidence at a trial four years after the alleged offences when the sample had been retained in breach of statutory duty and in breach of the undertakings to the defendant must, in our follow, have had an adverse effect on the fairness of the trial. It should not in our view have been admitted. This case has been followed wherever evidence has been retained in breach of s 64 (3B) of PACE in later cases of rape, murder and theft. For example in the case of Regina v Weir14 the accused was being charged of brutal murder on the basis of very convincing DNA samples which were obtained in breach of s64 (3B) of PACE and thereby the conviction of the defendant was quashed.. Recently however, in the Attorney Generals Reference No. 3 of 199915 the House of Lords expressed dissatisfaction with this judgement and regretted not having convicted the accused condescension the heavy amount of evidence involved.The Court said that It must be borne in mind that respect for the privacy of defendants is not the only value at stake. The purpose of the criminal law is to permit everyone to go about their daily lives without fear of harm to person or property. And it is in the

Litigation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Litigation - Term Paper ExampleLitigation is consideration apply to refer to the process of filing, defending and standing in favor or against a particular cuticle of justness (Cheeseman 35). in front litigation is conducted, the case of the conflict experiences several processes including initial pleadings, judgments that take place before the trial, dismissal of the case and settlement of the case. Due to so many phases involved in the litigation process, organizations as well as individuals have to spend lump sum of finances and ample sum up of time is wasted in solving the conflict. These legal proceeding even negatively impact the image of the parties involved in may cause disturbances in day to day running of the business. Due to these heavy risks associated with discriminative proceedings, organizations tend to select alternative methods of solving disputes such as bargaining, arbitration as well as mediation (Cheeseman 43). There are several differences amid the pro cess of conflict resolution through juridic proceedings and ADR. In judicial proceedings, third parties are involved such as the jury to descend whether or not an individual is guilty and worthy of punishment. In case of authoritative methods of ADR, a third party is rarely involved and in certain methods third party involvement even takes place and the third party is a neutral representative and the party can only participate in facilitation of negotiation. For example in the case of Arbitration, a neutral third party gets involved and is regarded as the arbitrator and is selected by parties involved in the dispute and has the obligation of listening to the case of both the parties and the decision taken by the arbitrator decides the outcome of the case. When the conciliation dispute settlement method is used, the parties involved do not negotiate with each other in a face to face manner. Due to this a conciliator who is mostly neutral in nature is used and he acts as the negoti ator from both ends. If dispute resolution is conducted with the assistance of a judicial procedure, heavy amount of time and money of the parties involved is invested. Before a case reaches the court, it has through go through several stages and due to this, a case may end up conceding months and in almost extreme cases it may even consume years. Alternative dispute resolution systems are much quick as compared to the judicial procedure. Secondly, in case of judicial proceedings, parties have to obtain assistance from attorney and attorneys charge heavy fees to fight a case and the more time a case takes, the higher is the amount of accumulated fees of the attorney. In case of ADR, the methods used are quite cheap as the parties can contest against each other or negotiate with each other on their own. The fourth difference between the two procedure is the difference in setting, while court proceedings are conducted in a courtroom which can become quite intimidating for the parties involved, the methods used in ADR mostly take place in one of the partys offices or some conference h each or room. In the case of traditional litigation system, any one of the parties involved can file a law suit and the other party may have to fight against him even if the claims made by one of the parties are not true at all (Lundmark 126). No method of ADR can be used until both the parties are not ready to solve the dispute and negotiate with ea

Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment Essay

Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Assessment - Essay ExampleIt is up to the lag to jibe how creatively the problem is semid. The heads or the superiors are not involved and do not intervene unless the solution to be provided is beyond the staff. As such thither is minimal intervention.At the same time guidance is provide by the superiors when required. The staff is free to seek information as and when required. Also, the staff is free to tackle complex tasks on its own, even where superior guidance is required. At the same time, the staff is also free to develop new skills on its own.All these ego management practices prove to be a motivating factor for the personnel. Since the staff can creatively tackle the queries, they are motivated to do better apiece time. Similarly minimal intervention by the heads makes them feel trusted and competent. At the same time the opportunity to develop new skills satisfies there internal crusade for education. As pointed out below,Self-managi ng employees require less oversight, so they improve productivity by reducing the need for continuous supervision. But thats just the beginning. By pursuit out opportunities for growth and professional development, self-managing employees foster an environment of creative problem-solving, innovation, and personal accountability that strengthens the organizations strategic advantage. Although you cant train your employees to manage themselves, you can cultivate an environment causative to self-management through support, recognition, and rewards for employees who take initiative and exhibit self-discipline (Shauf, 2007).However, there is one practice that works against the motivational element. That is, the principal duties of the staff are segregated. The personnel treatment the client queries are prevented from carrying out the back operations of the organization. As such even if a member of the staff is knowledgeable about both the functions of the department, he is not allowed to exercise his opinion. This sometimes makes some members of the staff distrusted. This necessarily works against intrinsic motivation for the job.Similarly, as far as hiring of new members is concerned, the heads or the staff is only partially consulted. They do not have a final say in hiring the staff. This is also an important element where the personnel feel unworthy.Rewards and penuryJack Zigon defines rewards as something than increases the frequency of an employee action (1998). This definition points to an obvious

The Relationship Between Risk and Expected Rate of Return in CAPM Statistics Project

The Relationship Between Risk and Expected Rate of Return in CAPM - Statistics mould ExampleIn the opinion of Roll and Ross (1980, pp.1073-1103.), this theory had considerable significance in empirical domesticate during the 1960s and 1970s. However further researches on this conceit have questioned its reliability and authenticity of the computation of empirical constellation of asset returns and, many related theories have detected grips of disenchantment with the CAPM. As a result, the most(prenominal) widespread CAPM underwent harsh criticisms not only by the academicians but also by financial experts. In addition, empirical researchers have gathered a range of evidence against this model during the last few decades. That evidence questioned the models assumptions and argued the dead of the beta. Roll and Ross (1980, pp.1073-1103.) say that this situation led to the demand for a more(prenominal) than potential theory and it caused the formulation of Arbitrage Pricing Theor y (APT). Although APT was developed recently, CAPM is considered as the basis of modern portfolio theory. According to Shanken (1982, pp.1129-1140), the ATP is not more susceptible to empirical verification than the CAPM. The author also challenges the testability of arbitrage pricing theory as he finds that the basic elements of testability strategy would not properly work in the case of this model. He also points out that the theory precludes the differentials of expected return that form the basic structure of the concept. Huberman and Wang (2005, pp. 1-18) claim that both the CAPM and APT aim relation between expected returns of assets and their covariance with other random variables.

Electrical computer Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electrical estimator Engineering - Essay Examplearticle and give my opinion on assertable impact of software engineering science in smuggling of subject in the society today. Moreover, I will research for two other articles that relates to the same engineering science and provide supplementary information that the article highlights for the same technology. Mazurczyk et al. introduces the article using one of the crimes committed by Russian spies in the united States using computers software. However, United States people assumed the Russians to be ordinary US residents but turned out to be spies of Russian Foreign Intelligence Service. Mazurczyk indicated that the spies representation was to gather information about the United States policies and programs (2013). Thus, for many years, the spies prevented discovery by hiding secret communication on apparently acquitted pictures posted on public websites. Thus, the spies encoded and decoded the information gathered using person alized software. However, the United States Department of Justice detect the spies schemes, helping the United States build a case against Russian spies. Thus, in June 2010, the federal government in United States arrested ten suspected spies who owned up to the act of smuggling information. Therefore, steganography is the technique that openly conceals data by use of invisible ink, shrunken text, and tactically placed tattoos. The method used by Russian spies, termed as picture steganography, was old-fashioned method that was easy to detected and used as evidence. However, the modern method of steganography used of networks, which hides information communicated in seemingly internet traffic. Since network steganography uses short delivery channels like articulate over Internet Protocol, the communications in the program is awkward to detect. Mazurczyk indicated that most hackers, journalist, and even government use network steganography to communicate secret information. Although , network steganography is hard to detect, Network Security Group at Warsaw University of Technology focuses to help security experts in devising designs for better guard of steganography. Therefore, as communication technology advances in the world, other steganography experts must develop advanced steganography techniques to curb against information smuggling. Mazurczyk posits that most sophisticated methods today target internet services such as search tools, social network, and file transfer systems (2013). Therefore, quick advancement in technology in todays society perpetrated increasing smuggling of messages peculiarly through networks. Therefore, smuggling of messages is something that happens daily over computer technological devices especially the internet. Remarkably, network steganography allows information communicated read only by the sender and intended message recipient. Smuggling of messages through internet is on the rise in the society. Terrorists, criminals, hac kers, and child pornographers could use steganography to smuggle information. Thus, this poses a threat to the society. Smuggling of messages through steganography, leads to attacks of a democracys internal security without notice. Generally, steganography has become a threat to a countys internal security. For instance, the Russian spies who were on a mission in dispatching United States policies and program used to hide information

Employee Satisfaction in Human Resource Management Research Paper

Employee Satisfaction in Human Resource Management - Research Paper ExampleComplaints are normal in any governing as people are not similar. The handling of conflicts by the management is what encourages or discourages employee satisfaction. Complaints should be handled according to the set rules, guidelines and principles of the organization meaning with all pallidity and justice. If any party is favored, then the other party will be angry and remorseful pr make upting job productivity and may even black market to employee disturbance due to lack of satisfaction of the level of justice in the company.Conflicts are almost similar to complaints and should be handled in a sensitive manner. Conflicts are normally between the supervisor and lower level employee and this situation demands listening to both parties before any final decision is made. Employees are satisfied where they are treated equally in cases of conflicts without regards to rank or job position. If the conflicts ar e handled wrongly, it means that one of the parties is underappreciated and this leads to lack of job satisfaction in the employee and may even lead to lawsuits against unfair judgment and treatment of lower level employees (Zeqiri, Aziri and Mazllami, 2010).Harassments in the work place are of numerous natures. The most common of all the agonys is sexual harassment where an employee harasses another based on their sex. In this type of harassment, the most common victims are the employees and the perpetrators the employers or supervisors. When the matter is handled internally by the human resource department, in most cases the case is settled by transferring the employee or merely suspending the perpetrator and no further action is taken. After this, the victim is victimized or even threatened by the perpetrator for reporting and may even give false allegations just to get back at the employee. The victim therefore lives in fear and anger and does not enjoy work at all and this is an example of lack of employee satisfaction. This is common where

Amazon Analysis Essay Example for Free

Amazon Analysis EssayKey drivers of change Technological intimately important aspect of Amazons Pestle factors Key drivers for change * /Internet penetration posts * Web development e-commerce * Protecting their patented software program and not being imitated easily by competitors. E-commerce-Bezos understanding of e-commerce through knowledge of web users and the web that has made amazon a dominant company on the web . (pg 27 Saunders 1999) ,Branding of the website is important . (Pg 91 saunders) Commitment to e-commerce has to be maintained, by keeping ahead of the technology curve, Amazons one-click technology is important in keeping customers visiting. pg 32-33 saunders ) Porters 5 forces analysis The threat of Entry * How will new entrants into the market overcome barriers to entry * High barriers to entry are good for existing competitors and amazon. Barriers to entry are * Scale and experience Economies of scale , when Amazon reach high level production It will be ha rd for new entrants to duad them, experience curve effects help Amazon to have learned how to do things more than efficiently than new entrants.Whilst the new entrant is building up experience it will be doing so at a higher cost than Amazon. The threat of substitutes Price/Performance ratio * Barnes and Noble, in store availableness of books, although more expensive, could be more convenient to consumers, have the option of not giving over credit card details. as well as difficult the product out before they purchase it. * Auto trader, HMV could potentially offer a better service as HMV, as they have stores which could be more convenient again for onsumers. * Consumers could opt to go to cinema rather than buy from Amazon for videos. Extra Industry affects Amazon will have to be witting of substitutes away from their own industry such(prenominal) as search engines that could set up a similar service to their own e. g Yahoo. com. The Power of Buyers modest switching costs Our r esult indicates that emptors explore and try a vast number of available options in their early experience of the market but head for the hills to seek relational exchanges as their experience maturesOur finding is contrary to what is observed in popular online markets for physical goods such as eBay and Amazon buyers are provoke in maintaining recurrent business with a limited number of providers (Wolf,E,2010,Move to depthBuyer Provider interactions in Online service Marketplaces E-service Journal, Vol 7,pg 2-14,Ebsco ) By acquiring book pages and Telebook defended consumers buyer power even more so in relevance to low switching costs ( Amazon case study) ,in 1997 they had lowered prices even further plastered books had up to 40% off, in which encouraged repeat purchasing.An associates program was launched so Amazon could help small merchants, so that they could link to Amazon. com to sell from its data stem and they receive a commission from each sale. The idea behind this is so that more people would buy from Amazon and it stops Consumers from switching( The power of suppliers * Amazon created a good relationship with wholesalers and shippers from the start. * Private investment of $1. million dollars and $8 million of silicon valley at start up * $50 million worth(predicate) of shares enabled an aggressive expansion of the business * Designates its maintenance of inventory to others, storage space isnt an issue. * Amazon are dependent on wholesale distributors such as Ingram ,independent publishers and music and video companies for the stock it sells therefore saving Amazon a major cost in terms of allocation. * In 1999 Ingram provided 50% of Amazons book titles, barnes and noble threatened to aquire it, Amazon it would seem are dependent on these retailers. However Amazon can find another book supplier but the suppliers may become competition as they could cut the middleman out (Amazon ) and utilise forwards vertical integration by selling in a fla sh to consumers. * Amazon in a weak negotiating position with suppliers as there isnt many book suppliers. Competitive rivalry * The industry growth rate was high, World wide web had a fast growth rate, predicted at 2,300 percent monthly * Barnes and noble could have been considered a threat as they had understructure as well as a online arm * E-bay only focused on online auctions, in which was only a small area of Amazons business model. With customer experience costs largely fixed, Amazons costs as a percentage of sales can shrink rapidly as they grow their business. * Amazon continued to lower prices as well as free shipping on orders over $25. (This allowing Amazon to increase their volumes of railroad siding , this leading to price wars and increased competition. * Amazon is seen as Virtual i. e it has no brick and mortar stores like competitors ( barnes and noble ), as well as no storage costs.Thus enabling them to invest more capital into enhancing its brand and website. * There is Low differentiation in Amazons industry in terms of online auctions as customers can easily switch between them and E-Bay as well as online book sales as they can switch to rivals such as Barnes and noble, although Amazon was able to undercut their rivals as they competed on price, By having no high costs in terms of storage of stock or buildings they could pass this benefit onto customers. Referring to competitor Barnes and nobles 1999 company report they had other costs , such as rental space and the costs of break up new stores , Barnes and Nobles costs of sales an occupancy increased from $2. 413 billion in 1998 , whereas inn 1999 it was $2. 019 million, this indicating that they had high fixed costs. And Amazon could therefore capitalize on this as their costs of sales were a big bucks less. * Competitors such as barnes and noble would have High exit barriers as they have a lot of assets through their stores that others may not buy.

Social Issues Essay Example for Free

Social Issues Essay1) What social issues do I feel strongly ab protrude?I feel strongly that the minimum wage should be raised because the lower class go away be able to provide for themselves and their families.The government feels the lower your class, the lower the live of musical accompaniment , which is not necessarily true. I think that its more expensive to live in a lower class ara.For example in Dayton,Ohio, the cost of living is low as opposed to Atlanta,Georgia, and the high expense of living. At the wage it is at they will never be able to rise out of the poverty stricken levels. It seems like the cost of living and provender is steady rising but the pay is slowing rising. Companies are making millions and even billions and its employees are barely able to make a decent living, while the higher ups select to take a pay cut. Employees who make minimum wage shake up a much higher stress load and are at the crossroads between paying the light bill or putting foo d on the table. Then you have the higher ups who seems to only have to decide where they want to go for vacation or what new car or stick out to buy.2) How do I go about solving personal problems?When I need to solve a personal problem I try to source figure out what is causing the issue and what I can do to eliminate it. If that doesnt serve well I search help from family and friends who have the very(prenominal) issue or issues. I try to find someone who has experience and ask them what they have done to help them out. I overly seek help from professional doctors, therapists, instructors and or counselors. I understand that some problems will not go away on their own or overnight so I make sure to not get overwhelmed.It was suggested that I take it one problem , one step and one day at a time. I have also learned that writing in journal or notebook has helped as well. I believe that listening to music and meditating are also great ways to reduce stress and solve problems. A lot of people tend to use violence as away to escape there problems. I on the other hand am totally against violence unless its really called for. When I feel overwhelmed, frustrated, angry,stressed and hurt, it cause anxiety to kick in fullest extreme.3) Do I readily seek help from others when I need it?I do not always seek help from others when i need it because I have found that a lot of people tend to give their personal opinions versus helpful advice. I do however seek help from a few individuals when every other option hasnt helped or worked out. It depends on the issue and the person in whom I am asking. For example if I was in a situation and I needed advice I would probably sit and think of ways of figuring it out for at least lead days before I would even consider seeking additional help. Its not so much that Im independent. I dont psyche receiving help , I just rather be able to say I did this on my own. Some individuals end to feel that they are better than you when y ou seek help from them.4) Which of my values would I like to change?I would like to change my focus and my ambition for my youngest son to go to college because I want that to be his decision.I do not want my focus and what I want for him to drown out his own focus or dreams in life. Of course, I want him to do well and excel in life but I want him to make his own decisions and choices so he does not resent me when he gets older. As his mother it is easy to want to plan his life, career choice, mate, house car, etc etc but I understand that he will be an adult and make his own choices and all I can do is raise him to be a respectable young man and teach him good home values. Also as his mother , I can be a positive role model for him. Some mothers tend to get angry with their children , when they see them doing the same behaviors they were showing. As my son gets older i wont do things around him, that i wouldnt want him doing as a man. I do know he will do what he feels is best for him. I just have to accept that my focus and ambition is to be the best mother I can be for him.

Knowledge Carries An Ethical Responsibility Philosophy Essay

Knowledge Carries An Ethical Responsibility Philosophy EssayWe began collecting new information from the day we were born through various ways of designed such(prenominal) as emotion and perception. This is because we want to learn about life and we do this by interpreting the go to sleepledge that we possessed and self-command is the state of owning some subject. At first we whitethorn not know or cargon what the familiarity that we possess carries and we continue to live our lives without knowing what they are. merely as we grow in age, we may begin to question ourselves are we free to own this knowledge? Then questions may appear in our brains about the duties of carrying such knowledge and are we obligated to act upon the things we know? Does the possession of any type of knowledge carry an honourable debt instrument? I agree on the claim to be designerable that the possession of knowledge carries an ethical function. Knowledge carries an ethical business. My thesis i s that our knowledge is interpreted from things that are representative of our social ranges, thence knowledge comes with a certain level of responsibility accordingly to the social measures.I believe ethics and moral are quite different, ethics is the measurement behavior expected by a group for example the society. According to Albert Schweitzer, The first step in the evolution of ethics is a sense of solidarity with new(prenominal) human beingnesss, solidarity is the bond shown by a society with people and those around them. We act because there is integration between us and those around us. If one holds the knowledge to another someones life, he/she is obligated to act upon it because of our social values. It is not ethical to watch the world burn if knowing you have the ability to stop it. solely I will go into the knowledge issues that derive from this claim, in point to evaluate the ethical responsibility of knowledge in different Ways of knowing and Areas of knowledg e.If one should establish their own ethical responsibility for their knowledge then would a primary educated person measure the same standard of ethical responsibility as a professor? Should these ethical responsibilities be a fixed standard value or a scale standard value? The measurement of ethical responsibility should not be a fixed standard value because we perceive the values of the society differently still as soon as the knowledge is directly affecting someone else, regardless of it is positively or negatively, there should be a scale standard value. I am 18 stratums old and I am a heart transplant recipient. I am very thankful for organ donors. 4 years ago, I was diagnosed with a heart failure and in 2008 I was put on to the heart donation waiting list and for the whole year I was on the brink of death. But a family unknown to me agreed to donate an organ of their family member who had been in a very deep coma. That person has a small chance to wake up from the coma and reunite with his/her family. However, the family decided to give the patient a peaceful death and they pulled the plug. The family had the choice of donating the organs or not. Looking back at the knowledge question, does the possession of knowledge that can save lives of many people carry an ethical responsibility? In this case, the claim depends on the nature of the knower, they donated the organs to those who are in pick out because they think they are ethically responsible to help the society. They placed social value higher than the small chance of their family member waking up. They acted as a utilitarian, maximizing the happiness in the society on the consequences of their actions therefore the family believed it is the right thing to do. However, if we are to look at this case with divine command theory where all morality is dependent on the will of God, the whole stand aim in this case changes. Because at the very beginning, pulling the plug is an act of murder and it is against Gods will, therefore it is morally incorrect to do so, even though you know the result could save lives and the knower will not see the need of ethical responsibility.At the center of this questions lies the different ways of knowing. As we learn in life, we also start to identify and distinguish that what is ethical and what is not in our society. Some we accept without doubt, just as we did when we our parent told us that stealing things which do not belong to us is wrong or teachers telling us that cheating in an exam or test is not acceptable. We learn what knowledge carries ethical responsibility from agency figures because these authority figures are respected as we believe they are more experience and knowledgeable than us. But do these authority figures like scientist or a literature writer carry a higher responsibility than a normal person? I would argue that everyone should take their ethical responsibility of what they know or have done, therefore scientist or li terature writer should take a higher responsibility because they are doing something that is influencing the society. But there is independence between knowledge and ethics. It is more of what ethics relies on. It can be argue that the responsibility of ethics relies on the ethical principle. For example if putting to death people in any situation must be wrong, then why do countries still have death penalty?What is the ethical responsibility in natural science? There was a very interesting movie released in the year of 2005 called The Island where groups of cloned humans are held captive in an single out compound and they were told that the outer world is too contaminated for human to settle in. Every week the compound staffs will harvest the clones organs for the people in the outer world who are willing to pay for the organs. If this scenario was real life, where would the ethics in this natural science of cloning in this scenario be? The buyer is of tier suffering from an orga n failure and is in need of an organ, the buyer knows the organ is harvested from his clone, what is the ethical decision and responsibility in this? If we are to look at this at a social stand point, it is definitely wrong to do such thing, although it is a clone, our social value sees that killing another human for your own unavoidably is unacceptable and should be punished but the knower, the buyer may not see the same because his ways of knowing is different to the society and the way he/she see the ethical responsibility will be different. The biggest WOK in this is the emotion, the person is buying organs because of his strong emotion to live on and he would reason that the clone is a clone of himself and he may not see the responsibility in this case of action. I believe that in natural science, the need of ethical responsibility is more significant than in other area of knowledge.Ethical responsibility in other Areas of knowledge can be a must have, such as business in huma n science where ethical responsibility is equally needed. If a business knows chemical wastes are being produced during the production of their products, do they have the responsibility to clean up the waste caused by them? There are responsibilities when it is directly affecting the society, this is why there are laws and restriction restraining how much pollution the business can cause, but it does not force the business to clean it up completely due to economic issues, but the business holds the final decision whether it should act ethically and clean everything. Again this depends on the owner of the business, the knower, to decide where he/she should act upon this. If he does, people may view the business as an ethical company, thus increasing the business image. Therefore, the business must have the ethical responsibility to not over tarnish the environment but after that, the responsibility helping the environment depends on the knower.To bring in some conclusions from the a bove arguments, should the possession of knowledge carries an ethical responsibility? Ethics is the standard behavior expected by the society and it makes our moral principle. Ethical responsibility is the principle that is restraining us from doing a certain things that would affect the order of the human society as a whole. So I agree on this claim to be reasonable that the possession of knowledge carries an ethical responsibility but there should not be a fixed standard to measurement these responsibilities.

Importance Of CRM For HDFC Bank

Importance Of CRM For HDFC confideThe aim of this dissertation was to examine the immensity of CRM for HDFC Bank. To contact this aim, following objectives were preen To dismember the gistiveness and capability of CRM servicings provided by the HDFC Bank, to examine the effect of CRM on backup performance and cognitive operational long suit and to evaluate the amelioratements in guest advantage due to it, to task the aw atomic number 18ness of the jargon employees to the concept of CRM and its benefits for the organization, to determine the extent of node expiation level by conducting interviews, distributing questionnaire and carrying out a cogitation in HDFC Bank, to gather relevant entropy and critic tout ensembley analyzing it using a vast variety of sources and enquiry tools. The chapter encompass the analysis and evaluation of the data store via contrary inquiry methods and includes both(prenominal) denary and qualitative measures dish outn into acco unt and discussed upon. The researcher presented some(prenominal) of the quantitative data into graphs so that it could easily be understood. As discussed in the last chapter, interviews were conducted from part passenger car and two of the middle contr incessantlyyplacesy coach-and-fours. Survey was conducted from promiscuously selected 80 (+3 later) clients to boost their views along with it, short questionnaires were too distributed to randomly chosen 30 verify employees to take into account their stances roughly the varyion and work of CRM in the dep whizz. Interviews were purposely kept informal and qualitative data was collected about the edges st driftgy, plan, objectives and actions taken regarding the adaption and use of CRM governing body and applications. In the interviews, the researcher inquired about some(prenominal) other things which atomic number 18 discussed in the qualitative analysis below. The survey from employees was primarily concerning t he effects of CRM on their performance and how it bear upon their twenty-four hour period to day rim functions and operations. Questionnaires from clients included their perceptions about the rely work and whether those amendd. The data gathered by interviews provided answerful reading about the fix strategic plans and policies and gave insight into the savings commiting operations. It as well as provided selective breeding on node relation commission bodys, infrastructure of cultivation and engineering science, and its effects on the employee performance, client merriment, increased gross sales targeting, and over scarce culture of the organization, etc. The objective of the interviews was to construct the complete picture of what the aims of the management were and to evaluate the efficiency and legalness of the CRM systems. The researcher analysed the current situation of the CRM and how effective it was and in depict with the IT serve wells and if it reenforcemented the business scheme keeping in view the future growments and enhancements in IT.The rate of response from employees and clients was 100% though hardly a(prenominal) nodes and employees left very few questions unanswered. The researcher materialized the weakness of research validity because it was hard to grasp real purporting of respondents in harm of such(prenominal) contrasts as squelched/dis live up to, curb/dis nurse, etc. Nonetheless, an effort was made to contain the questions appear to be measuring all strategic aspects of the construct and results of questionnaires atomic number 18 consistent with results of established measures. In identify to gather more than reliable and valid data, the researcher to a fault conducted short interviews from some of the employees and nodes. These were not pre-planned but helped a lot in explaining the answers in details. The researcher also ensured that interviews and questionnaires follow a specific pattern .The findings atomic number 18 reported below and correct analysis is provided for managers interviews, employees questionnaire and guests questionnaire. Appendix is provided on a separate sheet which contains copies of employees questionnaire, clients questionnaire, and the copy of questions that were asked during the interviews with the manager.It is very master(prenominal) to mention here that the researcher undertook buffer storage study onwards the actual commencement of the research. It was a feasibly a very clarified experiment to establish logistics and collect data prior to the colossaler research in social club to improve the prime(prenominal) and efficiency of the questions asked in the interviews and questionnaires. It was important to test the questions designed in the questionnaires before they are actually used in the research in order to determine whether they are conducive towards the research and would pose no problems for the respondent and experts shou ld be consulted to comment on the suitability of the questions and this is regarded as pilot study. The branch manager was glide slopeed and informal run into was held. The researcher asked few short questions (similar to the questions asked in later study but in details). The manager also helped me ask few simple questions from 5 of the employees to test my questionnaire and reveal any deficiency in the design of the proposed experiment. Although it provided limited information but it proved merry for the severity of the proposed procedures. any the information gathered in addition to review of savings cashboxs own research questions were incorporated into the main study design. However pilot study did not conk out to modification of any pre-planned research process. The differences of results from main research were discussed in summary in following sections.4.2. Qualitative Research DiscussionThe researcher conducted one pilot interview with branch manager first. After fin alising the questions, another formal interview was taken. There were almost same responses in both occasions. Two of the middle line managers were asked for their time for interviews and luckily unity interview was taken from both managers. Interview 1 is from branch manager and interview 2 is from line/operational managers. elderly manager was asked questions about general bank performance and brilliance of CRM while managers at mid-level were enquired on matters regarding operational functions. Questions asked from senior managers include How does CRM impact companys performance both directly and indirectly? What is the register that CRM improves customer services? What type of CRM software and applications does the bank use? Do you have any CRM writ of execution constitution? How important is CRM requirement in strategic planning? What is your opinion about the use of CRM in the bank? What berth does management and employees play in successful death penalty of CRM? enli ven discuss on future CRM plans? Questions put forward to operational managers include What are the factors influencing and encouraging the use of CRM? What are the benefits and limitations of CRM for the company? What are the problems encountered by the company in adapting and implementing CRM systems? How do employees respond to CRM? How do customers respond to CRM? What are the operational planning activities CRM provide the bank? How do CRM systems add valuate on financial packages and services? How CRM does alter to customer satisfaction and retention? Is CRM proven way of managing customer information? Does CRM assure customer responses? In what ship canal do CRM contribute to customers loyalty? Does the implementation of CRM affect the company-customer kind? What are the most important factors influencing CRM in company? Are you satisfactory with the adaption and use of CRM?Interview 1The bank manager in his interview explained that the changing banking environment has affected the way Indian banks used to operate and function. Intense competition, environmental factors such as legal and social, and the ever update norms of the financial institutions has and impact on the banks to adapt and adjust accordingly and to amend their policies and procedures. He moots that selling and engineering play essential role for banks as they are the institutions that provide direct services to its clients, therefore HDFC Bank recognises this as stated by branchs managers own words, The Bank images the signifi go offce of the role of technology and marketing for change customer relations and services especially in the intensely competitive and changing Indian banking sector?. When enquired about the get for CRM, the manager responded that The bank postulate to exert data and information about its clients, and essential have a system that could help the bank improve its customer services therefore it must have basic CRM technology to track and serve the cu stomers?. This led to adaption of current CRM technologies and processes. Bank manager, in the interview explained that The bank unavoidable to adapt CRM in order to increase profitability by reducing operational costs in serving the customers?. concord to his belief, HDFC Bank had been facing conventional problems of lack of modern tar and marketing techniques in current fast emerging digital economy?. The Bank constantly searched for means to improve their service and to increase customer base. CRM provided the opportunity for the bank as it brought together descent of IT and marketing strategies to create profitable and long term relationships with clients. When further questioned about wherefore the bank adapted the CRM polity and procedures, the managers replied, Satisfying our clients demand was our major focus and was an important factor in implementing our CRM initiative. Some customers demanded the improvement in our approach to managing customer relationships whi ch assisted us decision making to adopt and implement CRM programs capabilities?. To meet the needs of the customers, HDFC Bank timely started to focus on developing a customer relationship management (CRM) system. Realizing the significance of customer information availability, the project was undertaken by the bank with the spirit that has characterized the whole CRM development. The project has promoted a massive involvement of suggestions from clients, employees and other stakeholders. strategic plan was developed and targets were set. The management developed the CRM infrastructure and adapted latest CRM procedures. When asked if the bank has any CRM implementation policy, the management answered that HDFC Bank has a central policy of using CRM within all its branches which controls all the CRM procedures. The Bank has incorporated the CRM policies into its strategic vision and mission statements?. Although the manager didnt give exact figures on how the bank specifically the main branch has spent on CRM implementation and introduction of innovative systems but they agree that the bank devote debateable amount of resources to manage CRM. The bank realizes that it is vital that its CRM applications and systems are embolden and controlled by qualified and experienced managers. For this reason, all the managers are take aimed and experienced to bring together professional cater, encouraging parley and coordination among them, promoting team up work and instructing ways in property service and ensure that CRM systems work streamlinedly. When enquired whether the bank has any evaluation and appraisal in place, the manager responded that The bank has developed a appliance to check whether CRM is in effect in near(a) use?. The managers ensure that regular feedback system to consider perspective of the management, employee participation perspective and customer experience perspective. According to the branch manager, The bank generated bust than ex pected outcomes. CRM has appointedly influenced every banking function and operation?. The manager believes that the bank now provides fracture and improved banking services. Its operating efficiently and management and employees work more in effect. The speed of the work has improved due to CRM adaption. CRM has helped the bank to target the strategies for better customer services. It has also assisted in facilitating customer service which resulted in satisfied customers and profitable business. The adaption and implementation of CRM by the bank has resulted in improved performance and profitability.Interview 2Both the middle line managers were questioned about the operational activities of the bank and how the adaption of CRM technology and implementation of CRM processes and procedures has influenced the banking activities. The managers were in charge of the implementation after the senior manager set the strategic plan. They were very much aware of the involvement of bank sta ff if the CRM adaption was to be successful. One of the managers during the interview discussed that The major decision they tool to successfully adapt the CRM within the bank environment was to empower its employees in decision making?. The management realized that CRM adaption requires the well trained, educated and experienced staff to work on it. They are theoretically and a great deal trained on how to utilize latest CRM system and applications. The managers explained that The Employees are given access to customer database so that they can hold up on the spot and efficient decisions. They are also empowered to resolve small customer issues themselves, though major complaints are however regalet centrally by the senior management. Employees are also involved in searching, adapting and evaluating CRM needs for the bank. The management emphasises greatly on availability of latest and advanced information and communication technology to its staff and takes extra measures to en sure this happens? The managers were also responsible for planning, sorting, reviewing and monitoring work of the employees. The managers believe that the bank now provides better and improved banking services. According to their belief, employees work more enthusiastically, are well propel and are satisfied with their roles and responsibilities. The managers think that bank processes such as sales and marketing works more efficiently. Due to CRM, the bank can access a wide variety of sources for required information, ideas and experiences. Employees work more effectively by reducing repetitive tasks, decreasing costs, and minimizing risks. They can deal with customer enquiries without any difficultness and resolve some issues on the spot. Another benefit that the bank has received is increase in speed and reliability of banking functions/transactions. CRM has helped the bank to target the strategies for better customer services. It has also assisted in facilitating customer ser vice which resulted in satisfied customers and profitable business. The adaption and implementation of CRM by the bank has resulted in improved performance and profitability. The managers also stated that operational inefficiencies have cut down and few resources are being wasted. CRM also helped developed new incentives for clients by searching their data and records which are collected by latest systems and applications. The most important impact of CRM on bank as felt by managers is the creation of humour of trust that helped in customer loyalty and retention.The management is completely satisfied with the results of CRM use in the bank. Their future plan is simple and that is continuing with the current policy. They understand that CRM technologies rapidly change. It is hard to signal where CRM technology will be in the next few years. According to the words of the Branch manager, We are often one of the first in our industriousness to detect technological developments that m ay potentially affect our business. We generally respond very quickly to technological changes in our environment?. The management ensure that staff maintains close relations with bank clients. The managers recognise the basic value of the bank and that includes learning as a key to improvement. They believe that they have common nomenclature to deal with CRM issues and have a clear division of roles and responsibilities to implement or update CRM. They also think that they have essential skills and technical competence to strike the new CRM systems processes, tools and applications. The management agrees unanimously that bank uses CRM to drives profitability, cut costs, reduces risks and improves customer service. The management finds it challenging to ensure clients prefer their services over that of others. The managers believe that the key to develop a close customer relationship and nurture it is to appreciate the needs and cater the requirements of the customers. The bank us es CRM technology to analyze the customer needs and to ensure customer satisfaction. The use of CRM in the bank has become crucial with aggressive strategies employed to gain and retain customers, which has resulted in the adoption of mixed CRM initiatives to enable the bank to achieve its objectives. The management realized to build a close relationship between IT and marketing aspects of CRM to develop lasting client retention. In summary by introducing and adapting the latest CRM methods, techniques, applications and systems, banks can provide better customer service, increase customer taxs, discover new customers, sell products more effectively, help sales staff close deals faster, firebrand call centres more efficient, simplify marketing and sales processes.4.3.1. Quantitative Findings (Employees)What is your opinion about the use of CRM in the bank?powerfully AgreeAgree neutralDisagreeEnables cost reduction7%28%48%17%Improves efficiency22%29%26%23%Reduces time43%25%22%10%Imp roves communication65%16%16%3%Avoids redundancy62%24%10%4%Better customer relationship81%15%3%1%Enables market research38%33%20%9%Provides customer information89%7%4%0%A huge majority (89%) agree that by using CRM, employees can have access to customer information. majority of the employees (71%) believe that CRM system and applications help in carrying out market research easily. Almost all (96%) of employees agree that CRM help in improving and maintaining better customer relationship management. 81% of them agree that communication among employees and with customers improve due to use of CRM. 86% agree to the notion that it reduces the work to be repeated and minimizes mistakes. Half of the employees (51%) tell that CRM improves bank efficiency and only when 38% answered positively that it enables in cost reduction. Half of the employees stayed neutral to this question.Please comment on the grandness of CRM for employees?64% of the employees powerfully believe that adaption an d use of CRM for bank is very important. Other 27% also agree and consider it important while only 9% consider its importance just. None responded negatively.Are you satisfied with the use of CRM in the bank?60% of the respondents stated that they are satisfied with the use of CRM in their bank, 21% are on the view that they are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied while 19% showed their dissatisfaction.Please express your views on the reliability of CRM software and applications?Only 41% of the employees consider the CRM system and applications used in the bank as reliable. 50% are neutral and rest 9% consider CRM unreliable.4.3.2. Quantitative Findings (Customers)Please tell if you are you satisfied with the service superior?87% of the customers are satisfied with the bank services and approved the quality of services provided by the bank. Only a small minority of 3% storied their dissatisfaction.Do you agree that there is sufficient staff-customer communication?36% of customers believe that there is sufficient communication between employees and customers, 46% are neutral and remaining 18% hinted their disagreement.How do you find the communication between bank staff and customers?3/4th of the customers asked find the communication good and better and only 12% think that it still can be improved. The other 12% stated the poor communication between bank and them.How do you find friendliness and helpfulness of the staff service?Majority (79%) of the customers consider the staff friendliness and helpfulness as good and excellent. 10% rated it as average and 11% rated it as poor.Please rate your satisfaction level in regards to steps taken by the bank in delivering the services?Third tail (76%) of the surveyed customers responded positively to this question and agree that bank has improved its services very well.On a scale of 1 (dissatisfied) to 5 (satisfied), how would you rate your level of satisfaction in regards to service value?Only 14% of the customer s are placed in the dissatisfaction zone 2/3rd are satisfied with the value of the bank service they receive.Are you satisfied with the banks response to your queries?1/3rd of the customers pointed out their dissatisfaction with the bank response to their issues and 60% answered their satisfaction to this matter.How do you view timeliness and quality of response?71% of the customers positively view the timeliness and quality of steps taken by bank to resolve their queries. 1/4th consider it as lacking in quality.Do you agree that customer service has improved?100% AgreeHow would you rate the overall quality of your relationship with bank, considering all of your experiences with them?76% responses are positive and only 6% answers are negative on rating the overall quality of their relationship with the bank.4.4.1. Employees Questionnaire DiscussionAdaption and use of CRM by HDFC could have been effective only with the support and cooperation of bank staff. Management recognised this and took the appropriate steps as explained in the interview analysis. Even the bank employees realized that their support was crucial if the new system and application had to work because they are the persons that interact with customers directly and this interaction greatly influences the relationship of the bank with customers. Successful adaption was only realizable in HDFC Bank if employees were motivated and enthusiastic to cooperate with the CRM processes. The employees were properly trained to use the system and CRM tools to improve the bank services.It was very important for the researcher to take employees views in this dissertation, because their perceptions, perspectives morale, skills, experience and satisfaction all influence the work performance and consequently bank performance. These factors are affected by sudden change in the organization specifically if it is technology related. In the survey results, bank employees in general showed satisfaction towards the CR M use within the bank environment. Majority of them agree that new ICT tools for CRM system and applications have helped improve their communication within the bank with colleagues and managers, and externally with customers. When asked by the researcher about the problem of repeating tasks, they collectively replied that this issue has been reduced to minimum due to CRM in bank. Employees can access the database where all the information of specific client is provided, just enter the reference or other details, and the information comes in front of them. This has helped a lot in risk reduction, quality work in less time and effective performance. Employees believe that customers feel satisfied with the service they provide. Two one-third of the surveyed employees believe that CRM utilities are very important for their performance and they are completely satisfied with the use of CRM technology and procedures. However many employees have concerns for its reliability and they feel t hat they have to constantly update their knowledge of its use as the technology changes rapidly. Overall the employees responses were positive as they expect more benefits with little or no limitations in the use of CRM to improve bank performance and services. They have used the new technology, process, procedures, tools and systems related to CRM and they believe that CRM is essential for Bank for current and future use as it directly and/or indirectly affects their performance that in turn improves bank performance as employees provide quality services.4.4.2. Customers Questionnaire DiscussionBanks understand that customer satisfaction is an important variable in order to retain the existing clients or gain the new ones. Poor customer satisfaction leads to a declension in customer loyalty, and given the extended offerings from the competitors, customers easily switch banks. HDFC understands the importance of customer satisfaction and value the customer relationships. CRM was int roduced to improve customer services and relationships with customers. The information gathered by the bank management reveals that customers are generally satisfied with the services provided by the bank. The following analysis is the judging and measurement by the researcher. This research is directed to find the perceptions of the customers towards services provided by HDFC bank and whether these are improved. The researcher tried to describe the research motives foundation the findings with this questionnaire. The main aim was to gain the customers impression and assess the efficiency of the CRM system, technology, processes and applications applied by the bank. The researcher attempted to gauge how well CRM influenced the services. Vast majority of the customers unwrap their satisfaction on the bank services. Although the figure remained the same if compared with the survey conducted by the bank few months ago but almost all the customers agreed that the bank service has imp roved ever since. When asked about the communication process between them and the bank, the reply was not encouraging as many customers feel that this area still needs to be improved. nigh customers want face to face interaction and require the bank to provide services for longer hours. If compared with the previous data collected, this survey suggests that communication has improved mainly due to telephone service for minor complaints and information. Although it is good but cannot be considered sufficient. When enquired about the friendliness and helpfulness of the bank staff, many customers responded that employees provide good service with better attitude than before. They tend to their issues with sympathy and try to resolve the queries professionally and effectively. They admire that the bank is working hard to train its employees in skills for improved customer service. They also appreciate the introduction of CRM processes that led to improvement in all areas.4.5. Importanc e of CRM for Bank in SummaryThe results generated from the interviews and surveys reason out that CRM has had a very positive effect on the bank performance. It not only helped employees learn and improve but also influenced their morale and motivation. This has an indirect effect on the way bank serve its customers. By adapting CRM processes, the bank has provided its customers with satisfactory services which increased customer loyalty and helped build better relations. CRM has an impact on every bank operation and function. CRM has guided bank to induct latest technological system and application to collect, analyse and use customer information effectively and efficiently run the day to day operations of the bank. CRM has provided a means to better communication and coordination of employees with customers. Other benefits that have been gained include reduction in cost, active transactions, reliable flow of information. The bank has achieved the overall objectives of using tech nology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes with the implementation of CRM and has been successful in finding, attracting, and wining new clients, and reducing the costs of marketing and client service. The bank realizes the importance of CRM todays competitive environment that it considers it as an integral part of its strategic business plan. CRM integrated approach makes all the difference to consolatory customers, retaining their loyalty, providing added value and generating growth. In fact, CRM king be the difference between the bank to flourish and failure to get through.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 5 Conclusion Recommendations5.1. Research SummaryCustomer kindred Management (CRM) is an organizational stra tegy that can assist a bank to build lasting relationship with its clients and improve its performance by increasing revenue and productivity. CRM in the banking industry is of great importance. Today, banking is more customer-centric, unlike the yester when it was transaction-centric. CRM is essential and vital function of customer oriented marketing. However there is more to CRM than just client management. CRM is a broad approach to create, maintain, and expand relationship with customers. It is a strategic plan that aims in understanding, anticipating, managing and personalizing the organizational needs of current as well as potential customers. The idea behind this is that it would help the bank to effectively utilize technology and other resources to gain insight into the clients behaviour and customers values. If adapted and implemented successfully, CRM can help banks provide better customer service, make banking operations more efficient and simplify selling and marketing p rocesses. CRM is a comprehensive approach to cater, maintain and expand customer relationships. It is important for banks to use CRM strategy that aims to understand, anticipate, manage and personalize the needs of banks current and potential customers. CRM applications deliver many benefits across organizational processes and functions. It reshapes the oeuvre environment and influences the ways business being carried. Successful integration or adaption of CRM system in the banks may not be as easy as it looks. Every concept has limitations such as limitation of finance, resistance to change, government regulations, etc. so does the CRM in banks.Banks can overcome many of the limitations by efficiency managing CRM and adapting some comprehensive CRM example along with effective CRM software. Managers play an important role to minimize risks. CRM manager is a key factor who can effectively manage the issues related to CRM. It is vital for banks that their CRM applications and syste ms are supported and controlled by qualified and experienced manager. Bringing together trained and professional staff, encouraging communication and coordination among them, promoting team working and instructing ways in quality service, are some of the duties managers have to perform in order for CRM to work efficiently and harvest benefits.The banks need CRM to survive as it is impossible today not to focus upon the customer expectations. CRM is needed because of ever changing technology and highly competitive banking sector in India. The importance of CRM can be assessed by evaluating CRM that provides enhanced opportunities to use data and information to both understand customers and create value. The ultimate purpose of the CRM is to improve performance and to assess how well the bank needs are met by CRM adaption and implementation.5.2. ConclusionThe aim of this dissertation was to examine the importance of CRM for HDFC Bank. To achieve this aim, following objectives were se t To analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of CRM services provided by the HDFC Bank, to examine the effects of CRM on business performance and operational effectiveness and to evaluate the improvements in customer service due toImportance Of CRM For HDFC BankImportance Of CRM For HDFC BankThe aim of this dissertation was to examine the importance of CRM for HDFC Bank. To achieve this aim, following objectives were set To analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of CRM services provided by the HDFC Bank, to examine the effects of CRM on business performance and operational effectiveness and to evaluate the improvements in customer service due to it, to assess the cognizance of the bank employees to the concept of CRM and its benefits for the organization, to determine the extent of customer satisfaction level by conducting interviews, distributing questionnaire and carrying out a survey in HDFC Bank, to gather relevant data and critically analyzing it using a vast variety of sou rces and research tools. The chapter encompass the analysis and evaluation of the data collected via different research methods and includes both quantitative and qualitative measures taken into account and discussed upon. The researcher presented much of the quantitative data into graphs so that it could easily be understood. As discussed in the last chapter, interviews were conducted from branch manager and two of the middle line managers. Survey was conducted from randomly selected 80 (+3 later) customers to gain their views along with it, short questionnaires were also distributed to randomly chosen 30 bank employees to take into account their perspectives about the adaption and use of CRM in the bank. Interviews were purposely kept informal and qualitative data was collected about the banks strategy, plan, objectives and actions taken regarding the adaption and use of CRM system and applications. In the interviews, the researcher inquired about many other things which are discu ssed in the qualitative analysis below. The survey from employees was mainly concerning the effects of CRM on their performance and how it affected their day to day bank functions and operations. Questionnaires from customers included their perceptions about the bank services and whether those improved. The data gathered by interviews provided helpful information about the bank strategic plans and policies and gave insight into the banking operations. It also provided information on customer relation management systems, infrastructure of information and technology, and its effects on the employee performance, customer satisfaction, increased sales targeting, and over all culture of the organization, etc. The objective of the interviews was to have the complete picture of what the aims of the management were and to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the CRM systems. The researcher analysed the current situation of the CRM and how effective it was and in line with the IT ser vices and if it supported the business strategy keeping in view the future developments and enhancements in IT.The rate of response from employees and customers was 100% though some customers and employees left very few questions unanswered. The researcher realized the weakness of research validity because it was hard to grasp real feeling of respondents in terms of such contrasts as satisfied/dissatisfied, agree/disagree, etc. Nonetheless, an effort was made to ensure the questions appear to be measuring all important aspects of the construct and results of questionnaires are consistent with results of established measures. In order to gather more reliable and valid data, the researcher also conducted short interviews from some of the employees and customers. These were not pre-planned but helped a lot in explaining the answers in details. The researcher also ensured that interviews and questionnaires follow a specific pattern.The findings are reported below and separate analysis i s provided for managers interviews, employees questionnaire and customers questionnaire. Appendix is provided on a separate sheet which contains copies of employees questionnaire, customers questionnaire, and the copy of questions that were asked during the interviews with the manager.It is very important to mention here that the researcher undertook pilot study before the actual commencement of the research. It was a feasibly a very small experiment to test logistics and collect data prior to the greater research in order to improve the quality and efficiency of the questions asked in the interviews and questionnaires. It was important to test the questions designed in the questionnaires before they are actually used in the research in order to determine whether they are conducive towards the research and would pose no problems for the respondent and experts should be consulted to comment on the suitability of the questions and this is regarded as pilot study. The branch manager wa s approached and informal meeting was held. The researcher asked few short questions (similar to the questions asked in later study but in details). The manager also helped me ask few simple questions from 5 of the employees to test my questionnaire and reveal any deficiency in the design of the proposed experiment. Although it provided limited information but it proved vital for the severity of the proposed procedures. All the information gathered in addition to review of banks own research questions were incorporated into the main study design. However pilot study did not lead to modification of any pre-planned research process. The differences of results from main research were discussed in summary in following sections.4.2. Qualitative Research DiscussionThe researcher conducted one pilot interview with branch manager first. After finalising the questions, another formal interview was taken. There were almost same responses in both occasions. Two of the middle line managers were asked for their time for interviews and luckily single interview was taken from both managers. Interview 1 is from branch manager and interview 2 is from line/operational managers. Senior manager was asked questions about overall bank performance and importance of CRM while managers at mid-level were enquired on matters regarding operational functions. Questions asked from senior managers include How does CRM impact companys performance both directly and indirectly? What is the evidence that CRM improves customer services? What type of CRM software and applications does the bank use? Do you have any CRM implementation policy? How important is CRM requirement in strategic planning? What is your opinion about the use of CRM in the bank? What role does management and employees play in successful implementation of CRM? Please discuss on future CRM plans? Questions put forward to operational managers include What are the factors influencing and encouraging the use of CRM? What are the b enefits and limitations of CRM for the company? What are the problems encountered by the company in adapting and implementing CRM systems? How do employees respond to CRM? How do customers respond to CRM? What are the operational planning activities CRM provide the bank? How do CRM systems add value on financial packages and services? How CRM does contribute to customer satisfaction and retention? Is CRM proven way of managing customer information? Does CRM assure customer responses? In what ways do CRM contribute to customers loyalty? Does the implementation of CRM affect the company-customer relationship? What are the most important factors influencing CRM in company? Are you satisfied with the adaption and use of CRM?Interview 1The bank manager in his interview explained that the changing banking environment has affected the way Indian banks used to operate and function. Intense competition, environmental factors such as legal and social, and the ever updating norms of the financ ial institutions has and impact on the banks to adapt and adjust accordingly and to amend their policies and procedures. He believes that marketing and technology play crucial role for banks as they are the institutions that provide direct services to its clients, therefore HDFC Bank recognises this as stated by branchs managers own words, The Bank understands the significance of the role of technology and marketing for improving customer relations and services especially in the intensely competitive and changing Indian banking sector?. When enquired about the need for CRM, the manager responded that The bank needs to maintain data and information about its clients, and must have a system that could help the bank improve its customer services therefore it must have basic CRM technology to track and serve the customers?. This led to adaption of latest CRM technologies and processes. Bank manager, in the interview explained that The bank needed to adapt CRM in order to increase profit ability by reducing operational costs in serving the customers?. According to his belief, HDFC Bank had been facing traditional problems of lack of modern delivery and marketing techniques in current fast emerging digital economy?. The Bank constantly searched for means to improve their service and to increase customer base. CRM provided the opportunity for the bank as it brought together relationship of IT and marketing strategies to create profitable and long term relationships with clients. When further questioned about why the bank adapted the CRM policy and procedures, the managers replied, Satisfying our clients needs was our major focus and was an important factor in implementing our CRM initiative. Some customers demanded the improvement in our approach to managing customer relationships which assisted us deciding to adopt and implement CRM programs capabilities?. To meet the needs of the customers, HDFC Bank timely started to focus on developing a customer relationship mana gement (CRM) system. Realizing the significance of customer information availability, the project was undertaken by the bank with the spirit that has characterized the whole CRM development. The project has promoted a massive involvement of suggestions from clients, employees and other stakeholders. Strategic plan was developed and targets were set. The management developed the CRM infrastructure and adapted latest CRM procedures. When asked if the bank has any CRM implementation policy, the management answered that HDFC Bank has a central policy of using CRM within all its branches which controls all the CRM procedures. The Bank has incorporated the CRM policies into its strategic vision and mission statements?. Although the manager didnt give exact figures on how the bank specifically the main branch has spent on CRM implementation and introduction of new systems but they agree that the bank devote considerable amount of resources to manage CRM. The bank realizes that it is vital that its CRM applications and systems are supported and controlled by qualified and experienced managers. For this reason, all the managers are trained and experienced to bring together professional staff, encouraging communication and coordination among them, promoting team work and instructing ways in quality service and ensure that CRM systems work efficiently. When enquired whether the bank has any evaluation and appraisal in place, the manager responded that The bank has developed a mechanism to check whether CRM is effectively in good use?. The managers ensure that regular feedback system to consider perspective of the management, employee participation perspective and customer experience perspective. According to the branch manager, The bank generated better than expected outcomes. CRM has positively influenced every banking function and operation?. The manager believes that the bank now provides better and improved banking services. Its operating efficiently and management a nd employees work more effectively. The speed of the work has improved due to CRM adaption. CRM has helped the bank to target the strategies for better customer services. It has also assisted in facilitating customer service which resulted in satisfied customers and profitable business. The adaption and implementation of CRM by the bank has resulted in improved performance and profitability.Interview 2Both the middle line managers were questioned about the operational activities of the bank and how the adaption of CRM technology and implementation of CRM processes and procedures has influenced the banking activities. The managers were in charge of the implementation after the senior manager set the strategic plan. They were very much aware of the involvement of bank staff if the CRM adaption was to be successful. One of the managers during the interview discussed that The major decision they tool to successfully adapt the CRM within the bank environment was to empower its employees in decision making?. The management realized that CRM adaption requires the well trained, educated and experienced staff to work on it. They are theoretically and practically trained on how to utilize latest CRM system and applications. The managers explained that The Employees are given access to customer database so that they can make on the spot and efficient decisions. They are also empowered to resolve small customer issues themselves, though major complaints are still dealt centrally by the senior management. Employees are also involved in searching, adapting and evaluating CRM needs for the bank. The management emphasises greatly on availability of latest and advanced information and communication technology to its staff and takes extra measures to ensure this happens? The managers were also responsible for planning, sorting, reviewing and monitoring work of the employees. The managers believe that the bank now provides better and improved banking services. According to their belief, employees work more enthusiastically, are well motivated and are satisfied with their roles and responsibilities. The managers think that bank processes such as sales and marketing works more efficiently. Due to CRM, the bank can access a wide variety of sources for required information, ideas and experiences. Employees work more effectively by reducing repetitive tasks, decreasing costs, and minimizing risks. They can deal with customer enquiries without any difficulty and resolve many issues on the spot. Another benefit that the bank has received is increase in speed and reliability of banking functions/transactions. CRM has helped the bank to target the strategies for better customer services. It has also assisted in facilitating customer service which resulted in satisfied customers and profitable business. The adaption and implementation of CRM by the bank has resulted in improved performance and profitability. The managers also stated that operational inefficiencies h ave reduced and few resources are being wasted. CRM also helped developed new incentives for clients by searching their data and records which are collected by latest systems and applications. The most important impact of CRM on bank as felt by managers is the creation of climate of trust that helped in customer loyalty and retention.The management is completely satisfied with the results of CRM use in the bank. Their future plan is simple and that is continuing with the current policy. They understand that CRM technologies rapidly change. It is hard to forecast where CRM technology will be in the next few years. According to the words of the Branch manager, We are often one of the first in our industry to detect technological developments that may potentially affect our business. We generally respond very quickly to technological changes in our environment?. The management ensure that staff maintains close relations with bank clients. The managers recognise the basic value of the b ank and that includes learning as a key to improvement. They believe that they have common language to deal with CRM issues and have a clear division of roles and responsibilities to implement or update CRM. They also think that they have necessary skills and technical competence to absorb the new CRM systems processes, tools and applications. The management agrees unanimously that bank uses CRM to drives profitability, cut costs, reduces risks and improves customer service. The management finds it challenging to ensure clients prefer their services over that of others. The managers believe that the key to develop a close customer relationship and nurture it is to appreciate the needs and cater the requirements of the customers. The bank uses CRM technology to analyze the customer needs and to ensure customer satisfaction. The use of CRM in the bank has become crucial with aggressive strategies employed to gain and retain customers, which has resulted in the adoption of various CRM initiatives to enable the bank to achieve its objectives. The management realized to build a close relationship between IT and marketing aspects of CRM to develop lasting client retention. In summary by introducing and adapting the latest CRM methods, techniques, applications and systems, banks can provide better customer service, increase customer revenues, discover new customers, sell products more effectively, help sales staff close deals faster, make call centres more efficient, simplify marketing and sales processes.4.3.1. Quantitative Findings (Employees)What is your opinion about the use of CRM in the bank?Strongly AgreeAgreeNeutralDisagreeEnables cost reduction7%28%48%17%Improves efficiency22%29%26%23%Reduces time43%25%22%10%Improves communication65%16%16%3%Avoids redundancy62%24%10%4%Better customer relationship81%15%3%1%Enables market research38%33%20%9%Provides customer information89%7%4%0%A huge majority (89%) agree that by using CRM, employees can have access to custome r information. Majority of the employees (71%) believe that CRM system and applications help in carrying out market research easily. Almost all (96%) of employees agree that CRM help in improving and maintaining better customer relationship management. 81% of them agree that communication among employees and with customers improve due to use of CRM. 86% agree to the notion that it reduces the work to be repeated and minimizes mistakes. Half of the employees (51%) said that CRM improves bank efficiency and only 38% answered positively that it enables in cost reduction. Half of the employees stayed neutral to this question.Please comment on the importance of CRM for employees?64% of the employees strongly believe that adaption and use of CRM for bank is very important. Other 27% also agree and consider it important while only 9% consider its importance average. None responded negatively.Are you satisfied with the use of CRM in the bank?60% of the respondents stated that they are satis fied with the use of CRM in their bank, 21% are on the view that they are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied while 19% showed their dissatisfaction.Please express your views on the reliability of CRM software and applications?Only 41% of the employees consider the CRM system and applications used in the bank as reliable. 50% are neutral and remaining 9% consider CRM unreliable.4.3.2. Quantitative Findings (Customers)Please tell if you are you satisfied with the service quality?87% of the customers are satisfied with the bank services and approved the quality of services provided by the bank. Only a small minority of 3% noted their dissatisfaction.Do you agree that there is sufficient staff-customer communication?36% of customers believe that there is sufficient communication between employees and customers, 46% are neutral and remaining 18% hinted their disagreement.How do you find the communication between bank staff and customers?3/4th of the customers asked find the communication good and better and only 12% think that it still can be improved. The other 12% stated the poor communication between bank and them.How do you find friendliness and helpfulness of the staff service?Majority (79%) of the customers consider the staff friendliness and helpfulness as good and excellent. 10% rated it as average and 11% rated it as poor.Please rate your satisfaction level in regards to steps taken by the bank in delivering the services?Third fourth (76%) of the surveyed customers responded positively to this question and agree that bank has improved its services very well.On a scale of 1 (dissatisfied) to 5 (satisfied), how would you rate your level of satisfaction in regards to service value?Only 14% of the customers are placed in the dissatisfaction zone 2/3rd are satisfied with the value of the bank service they receive.Are you satisfied with the banks response to your queries?1/3rd of the customers pointed out their dissatisfaction with the bank response to their iss ues and 60% answered their satisfaction to this matter.How do you view timeliness and quality of response?71% of the customers positively view the timeliness and quality of steps taken by bank to resolve their queries. 1/4th consider it as lacking in quality.Do you agree that customer service has improved?100% AgreeHow would you rate the overall quality of your relationship with bank, considering all of your experiences with them?76% responses are positive and only 6% answers are negative on rating the overall quality of their relationship with the bank.4.4.1. Employees Questionnaire DiscussionAdaption and use of CRM by HDFC could have been effective only with the support and cooperation of bank staff. Management recognised this and took the appropriate steps as explained in the interview analysis. Even the bank employees realized that their support was crucial if the new system and application had to work because they are the persons that interact with customers directly and this i nteraction greatly influences the relationship of the bank with customers. Successful adaption was only possible in HDFC Bank if employees were motivated and enthusiastic to cooperate with the CRM processes. The employees were properly trained to use the system and CRM tools to improve the bank services.It was very important for the researcher to take employees views in this dissertation, because their perceptions, perspectives morale, skills, experience and satisfaction all influence the work performance and consequently bank performance. These factors are affected by sudden change in the organization specifically if it is technology related. In the survey results, bank employees in general showed satisfaction towards the CRM use within the bank environment. Majority of them agree that new ICT tools for CRM system and applications have helped improve their communication within the bank with colleagues and managers, and externally with customers. When asked by the researcher about t he problem of repeating tasks, they collectively replied that this issue has been reduced to minimum due to CRM in bank. Employees can access the database where all the information of specific client is provided, just enter the reference or other details, and the information comes in front of them. This has helped a lot in risk reduction, quality work in less time and effective performance. Employees believe that customers feel satisfied with the service they provide. Two third of the surveyed employees believe that CRM utilities are very important for their performance and they are completely satisfied with the use of CRM technology and procedures. However many employees have concerns for its reliability and they feel that they have to constantly update their knowledge of its use as the technology changes rapidly. Overall the employees responses were positive as they expect more benefits with little or no limitations in the use of CRM to improve bank performance and services. They have used the new technology, process, procedures, tools and systems related to CRM and they believe that CRM is essential for Bank for current and future use as it directly and/or indirectly affects their performance that in turn improves bank performance as employees provide quality services.4.4.2. Customers Questionnaire DiscussionBanks understand that customer satisfaction is an important variable in order to retain the existing clients or gain the new ones. Poor customer satisfaction leads to a decline in customer loyalty, and given the extended offerings from the competitors, customers easily switch banks. HDFC understands the importance of customer satisfaction and value the customer relationships. CRM was introduced to improve customer services and relationships with customers. The information gathered by the bank management reveals that customers are generally satisfied with the services provided by the bank. The following analysis is the assessment and measurement by the r esearcher. This research is directed to find the perceptions of the customers towards services provided by HDFC bank and whether these are improved. The researcher tried to describe the research motives behind the findings through this questionnaire. The main aim was to gain the customers impression and assess the efficiency of the CRM system, technology, processes and applications applied by the bank. The researcher attempted to gauge how well CRM influenced the services. Vast majority of the customers disclosed their satisfaction on the bank services. Although the figure remained the same if compared with the survey conducted by the bank few months ago but almost all the customers agreed that the bank service has improved ever since. When asked about the communication process between them and the bank, the reply was not encouraging as many customers feel that this area still needs to be improved. Most customers want face to face interaction and require the bank to provide services for longer hours. If compared with the previous data collected, this survey suggests that communication has improved mainly due to telephone service for minor complaints and information. Although it is good but cannot be considered sufficient. When enquired about the friendliness and helpfulness of the bank staff, many customers responded that employees provide good service with better attitude than before. They tend to their issues with sympathy and try to resolve the queries professionally and effectively. They admire that the bank is working hard to train its employees in skills for improved customer service. They also appreciate the introduction of CRM processes that led to improvement in all areas.4.5. Importance of CRM for Bank in SummaryThe results generated from the interviews and surveys conclude that CRM has had a very positive effect on the bank performance. It not only helped employees learn and improve but also influenced their morale and motivation. This has an indire ct effect on the way bank serve its customers. By adapting CRM processes, the bank has provided its customers with satisfactory services which increased customer loyalty and helped build better relations. CRM has an impact on every bank operation and function. CRM has guided bank to induct latest technological system and application to collect, analyse and use customer information effectively and efficiently run the day to day operations of the bank. CRM has provided a means to better communication and coordination of employees with customers. Other benefits that have been gained include reduction in cost, speedy transactions, reliable flow of information. The bank has achieved the overall objectives of using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes with the implementation of CRM and has been successful in finding, attracting, and wining new clients, and reducing the costs of marketing and client service. The bank realizes the importance of CRM todays com petitive environment that it considers it as an integral part of its strategic business plan. CRM integrated approach makes all the difference to satisfying customers, retaining their loyalty, providing added value and generating growth. In fact, CRM might be the difference between the bank to flourish and failure to survive.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 5 Conclusion Recommendations5.1. Research SummaryCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) is an organizational strategy that can assist a bank to build lasting relationship with its clients and improve its performance by increasing revenue and productivity. CRM in the banking industry is of great importance. Today, banking is more customer-centric, unlike the yester when it was transaction -centric. CRM is essential and vital function of customer oriented marketing. However there is more to CRM than just client management. CRM is a broad approach to create, maintain, and expand relationship with customers. It is a strategic plan that aims in understanding, anticipating, managing and personalizing the organizational needs of current as well as potential customers. The idea behind this is that it would help the bank to effectively utilize technology and other resources to gain insight into the clients behaviour and customers values. If adapted and implemented successfully, CRM can help banks provide better customer service, make banking operations more efficient and simplify selling and marketing processes. CRM is a comprehensive approach to cater, maintain and expand customer relationships. It is important for banks to use CRM strategy that aims to understand, anticipate, manage and personalize the needs of banks current and potential customers. CRM applications delive r many benefits across organizational processes and functions. It reshapes the workplace environment and influences the ways business being carried. Successful integration or adaption of CRM system in the banks may not be as easy as it looks. Every concept has limitations such as limitation of finance, resistance to change, government regulations, etc. so does the CRM in banks.Banks can overcome many of the limitations by efficiency managing CRM and adapting some comprehensive CRM model along with effective CRM software. Managers play an important role to minimize risks. CRM manager is a key factor who can effectively manage the issues related to CRM. It is vital for banks that their CRM applications and systems are supported and controlled by qualified and experienced manager. Bringing together trained and professional staff, encouraging communication and coordination among them, promoting team working and instructing ways in quality service, are some of the duties managers have to perform in order for CRM to work efficiently and harvest benefits.The banks need CRM to survive as it is impossible nowadays not to focus upon the customer expectations. CRM is needed because of ever changing technology and highly competitive banking sector in India. The importance of CRM can be assessed by evaluating CRM that provides enhanced opportunities to use data and information to both understand customers and create value. The ultimate purpose of the CRM is to improve performance and to assess how well the bank needs are met by CRM adaption and implementation.5.2. ConclusionThe aim of this dissertation was to examine the importance of CRM for HDFC Bank. To achieve this aim, following objectives were set To analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of CRM services provided by the HDFC Bank, to examine the effects of CRM on business performance and operational effectiveness and to evaluate the improvements in customer service due to